NURS 102 CH 3 EXAM STUDY GUIDE A+ GRADED
professional behavior, appearance, and conduct - ANSWER Professionalism
an occupational group with a set of attitudes or behaviors, or both - ANSWER profession
1910: Flexner Report - ANSWER called for medical schools to implement high standards
for admission and graduation.
1915: Flexner published a list of criteria that he believed to be characteristic of a
profession. - ANSWER Flexner's Criteria of a Profession
1. Is basically intellectual (as opposed to physical) and is accompanied by a high degree
of individual responsibility
2. Is based on a body of knowledge that can be learned and is developed and refined
through research
3. Is practical, in addition to being theoretical
4. Can be taught through a process of highly specialized professional education
5. Has a strong internal organization of members and a well-developed group
consciousness
6. Has practitioners who are motivated by altruism (the desire to help others) and who
are responsive to public interests
altruism - ANSWER the desire to help others
"According to experts, professionals are motivated by altruism..."
What has been used a the benchmark for determining the professional statues of
various occupations and have had a profound influence on professional education in
several disciplines, including nursing since 2010 - ANSWER Flexner's criteria
1968: Hall described a professional model with five attributes of professions. - ANSWER
Five Attributes of Professions
1. Use of a professional organization as a primary point of reference
2. Belief in the value of public service
3. Belief in self-regulation
4. Commitment to a profession that goes beyond economic incentives
5. A sense of autonomy in practice
,Hall recommended that each profession needed to develop - ANSWER its own methods
of measuring professionalism that recognize the uniqueness of that discipline.
1990: Pharmacy Profession Task Force - found that members of a profession share ten
(10) characteristics. - ANSWER Pharmacy Profession Task Force: 10 Characteristics
1. Prolonged specialized training in a body of abstract knowledge
2. A service orientation
3. An ideology based on the original faith professed by members
4. An ethic that is binding on the practitioners
5. A body of knowledge unique to the members
6. A set of skills that forms the technique of the profession
7. A guild of those entitled to practice the profession
8. Authority granted by society in the form of licensure or certification
9. A recognized setting in which the profession is practiced
10. A theory of societal benefits derived from the ideology
Although scholars have not always agreed on the # of criteria and the types of behaviors
and characteristics of professions, three criteria consistently appear: - ANSWER
service/altruism, specialized knowledge, and autonomy/ethics
a person's regular work or profession; job or principal activity - ANSWER occupation
profession (Colllin's Dictionary definition) - ANSWER a calling, vocation, or form of
employment that provides a needed service to society and posses characteristics of
expertise, autonomy, long academic preparation, commitment, and responsibility.
professions/occupations evolved from professions/occupations that originally consisted
of tasks, but developed more specialized educational pathways and publicly legitimized
status. - ANSWER professions evolved from occupations.
the earliest "learned" professions (law, medicine, divinity) generally followed a
sequential development: (process of "professionalization) - ANSWER 1. Practitioners
performed full-time work in the discipline.
2. They determined work standards, identified a body of knowledge, and established
educational programs in institutions of higher learning.
3. They promoted organization into effective occupational associations, and then
worked to establish legal protection that limited practice of their unique skills by
outsiders.
, 4. Finally, they established codes of ethics.
occupation ---> profession
1980: Houle identified characteristics that indicate that an occupation moves along the
continuum toward professional status. - ANSWER Step 1: Defining the group's mission
and foundations of practice
Step 2: Mastery of theoretical knowledge, development of the capacity to solve
problems, use of practical knowledge, and self-enhancement (continued learning and
development)
Step 3: Development of a collective identity as an occupation evolves into a profession
collective identity - ANSWER the connection and feeling of similarity individuals in a
particular group feel with one another; group identification
Signs of a developing collective identity, and hence a profession, include - ANSWER
Formal training
Credentialing
Creation of a subculture
Legal right to practice
Public acceptance
Ethical practice
Discipline of incompetent/unethical practitioners
Relationship to other practitioners, and
Formalization of the relationship of practitioners of the profession to users of the
practitioners' services
Wynd (2003), a study of 774 registered nurses (RNs), found that professionalism was
significantly related to - ANSWER "years of experience as an RN,
having higher degrees,
memberships in professional organizations,
serving the organization of employment as an officer, and holding professional
certification."
A profession is different from an occupation in at least 2 major ways: - ANSWER
professional behavior, appearance, and conduct - ANSWER Professionalism
an occupational group with a set of attitudes or behaviors, or both - ANSWER profession
1910: Flexner Report - ANSWER called for medical schools to implement high standards
for admission and graduation.
1915: Flexner published a list of criteria that he believed to be characteristic of a
profession. - ANSWER Flexner's Criteria of a Profession
1. Is basically intellectual (as opposed to physical) and is accompanied by a high degree
of individual responsibility
2. Is based on a body of knowledge that can be learned and is developed and refined
through research
3. Is practical, in addition to being theoretical
4. Can be taught through a process of highly specialized professional education
5. Has a strong internal organization of members and a well-developed group
consciousness
6. Has practitioners who are motivated by altruism (the desire to help others) and who
are responsive to public interests
altruism - ANSWER the desire to help others
"According to experts, professionals are motivated by altruism..."
What has been used a the benchmark for determining the professional statues of
various occupations and have had a profound influence on professional education in
several disciplines, including nursing since 2010 - ANSWER Flexner's criteria
1968: Hall described a professional model with five attributes of professions. - ANSWER
Five Attributes of Professions
1. Use of a professional organization as a primary point of reference
2. Belief in the value of public service
3. Belief in self-regulation
4. Commitment to a profession that goes beyond economic incentives
5. A sense of autonomy in practice
,Hall recommended that each profession needed to develop - ANSWER its own methods
of measuring professionalism that recognize the uniqueness of that discipline.
1990: Pharmacy Profession Task Force - found that members of a profession share ten
(10) characteristics. - ANSWER Pharmacy Profession Task Force: 10 Characteristics
1. Prolonged specialized training in a body of abstract knowledge
2. A service orientation
3. An ideology based on the original faith professed by members
4. An ethic that is binding on the practitioners
5. A body of knowledge unique to the members
6. A set of skills that forms the technique of the profession
7. A guild of those entitled to practice the profession
8. Authority granted by society in the form of licensure or certification
9. A recognized setting in which the profession is practiced
10. A theory of societal benefits derived from the ideology
Although scholars have not always agreed on the # of criteria and the types of behaviors
and characteristics of professions, three criteria consistently appear: - ANSWER
service/altruism, specialized knowledge, and autonomy/ethics
a person's regular work or profession; job or principal activity - ANSWER occupation
profession (Colllin's Dictionary definition) - ANSWER a calling, vocation, or form of
employment that provides a needed service to society and posses characteristics of
expertise, autonomy, long academic preparation, commitment, and responsibility.
professions/occupations evolved from professions/occupations that originally consisted
of tasks, but developed more specialized educational pathways and publicly legitimized
status. - ANSWER professions evolved from occupations.
the earliest "learned" professions (law, medicine, divinity) generally followed a
sequential development: (process of "professionalization) - ANSWER 1. Practitioners
performed full-time work in the discipline.
2. They determined work standards, identified a body of knowledge, and established
educational programs in institutions of higher learning.
3. They promoted organization into effective occupational associations, and then
worked to establish legal protection that limited practice of their unique skills by
outsiders.
, 4. Finally, they established codes of ethics.
occupation ---> profession
1980: Houle identified characteristics that indicate that an occupation moves along the
continuum toward professional status. - ANSWER Step 1: Defining the group's mission
and foundations of practice
Step 2: Mastery of theoretical knowledge, development of the capacity to solve
problems, use of practical knowledge, and self-enhancement (continued learning and
development)
Step 3: Development of a collective identity as an occupation evolves into a profession
collective identity - ANSWER the connection and feeling of similarity individuals in a
particular group feel with one another; group identification
Signs of a developing collective identity, and hence a profession, include - ANSWER
Formal training
Credentialing
Creation of a subculture
Legal right to practice
Public acceptance
Ethical practice
Discipline of incompetent/unethical practitioners
Relationship to other practitioners, and
Formalization of the relationship of practitioners of the profession to users of the
practitioners' services
Wynd (2003), a study of 774 registered nurses (RNs), found that professionalism was
significantly related to - ANSWER "years of experience as an RN,
having higher degrees,
memberships in professional organizations,
serving the organization of employment as an officer, and holding professional
certification."
A profession is different from an occupation in at least 2 major ways: - ANSWER
