ATI Comprehensive Exam Q & A with Rationales 2025

A nurse in a long term care facility notices a client who has alzheimers disease standing at the exit doors at the end of the hallway. The clients appears to be anxious and agitated. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? escort the client to a quiet area on the nursing unit rationale: a client who has Alzheimer disease experiences chronic confusion. Guiding the client to a quiet, familiar area will help decrease agitation. A nurse is assisting with the plan of care for a client who has a continent urinary diversion. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to implement to facilitate urinary elimination? intervals. -Use intermittent urinary catheterization for the client at regular intervals. A nurse is assisting with a educational program about car restraint safety for a group of parents. Which of the following statements by a parent indicates an understanding of the instructions? My 12 year old child should place the shoulder lap belt low across his hips A nurse is reinforcing teaching about strategies to promote eating with a client who has COPD. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? Drink high protein and high calorie nutritional supplements A nurse is supervising an assistive personnel who is preparing to remove her personal protective equipment after providing direct care to a client who requires airborne and contact precautions. the nurse should recognize that the AP understands the procedure when she removes which of the following PPE first? Gloves A nurse is caring for a client who is crying and states that his provider informed him that he has a tumor and will need a biopsy. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? What have you done in the past to help yourself get through stressful situations before? A nurse is inspecting the skin of a newborn. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider Generalized petechiae A nurse is contributing to a teaching plan for a group of male adolescents about the adverse effects of anabolic steroid use. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include Reduced height potential A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client who has a severe left sided heart failure. Which of the following statements should the nurse make Rest 15 minutes between activities A nurse in a long term care facility is documenting the care of an older client. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the weekly nursing care summary? -Hydration status A nurse is caring for a client who has a head injury. using the glasgow coma scale collection data, the nurse should obtain which of the following information: Motor response A home health nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about the use of elastic stockings to decrease peripheral edema. which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Apply the stockings in the morning. A nurse in a providers office is obtaining a health history from a client who is scheduled to undergo a cardiac catheterization in 2 days. which of the following questions is the Do you know if your allergic to iodine A nurse is planning to administer nystatin oral suspension to a client who has oral candiasis. which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client Hold the medication in your mouth for several minutes prior to swallowing A nurse is preparing to care for the assigned clients on her upcoming shift. which of the following time management strategies should the nurse plan to use? prepare a priority list of client needs for the shift A nurse is preparing to witness a client who is scheduled for surgery sign a informed consent. which of the following actions should the nurse take? Ask the client if he understands the procedure a nurse in an inpatient mental health clinic is caring for a newly admitted client who has alcohol use disorder. during a therapy session, the client asks about alcoholics anonymous. which of the following responses should the nurse make? What is your current understanding about the purpose of AA A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is 2 days postop following a total knee arthroplasty. which of the following tasks should the nurse assign to an assistive personnel? reapply antiembolic stockings to the client following a shower A client in a mental health facility unjustly accuses a nurse of stealing money from his room. which of the following therapeutic responses should the nurse make? tell me how you decided who took your money A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is receiving radiation therapy for cancer of the larynx. which of the following statements made by the client indicates understanding of the teaching? "I should wear a soft scarf around my neck when I am outside." a nurse is using the FLACC scale to determine the level of pain for an 11 month old infant who is postop. which of the following factors should the nurse consider when using this pain scale level of activity A nurse is reviewing the techniques for transferring a client from bed to chair with a group of assistive personnel. which of the following instructions should the nurse include? Use lower-body strength. A nurse is reinforcing taching with a client who is to self administer epoetin alfa. which of the following instructions should the nurse include administer the medication subcutaneously A nurse is collecting data from a 5 year old child at a well child visit. the parents reports that the child is having frequent nightmares. which of the following statements by the parent indicates to the nurse that the child is experiencing sleep terrors rather than nightmares my child goes back to sleep right away A nurse is assisting with the care of a school age child immediately following surgery. the child weighs 21.8kg and has a chest tube applied to suction. which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider 250ml of sanguineous drainage over the last 3hr a nurse is reinforcing teaching about advanced directives with a client. which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? -"I can change my health care decisions even if I have advance directives." a nurse is assisting with the admission of a client who has rubeola. which of the following transmission-based precautions should the nurse plan to initiate for this client? Airborne a nurse is administering morning medications to clients on the unit. a client questions the nurse regarding a medication that she does not recognize. which of the following actions should the nurse take first? -Verify the prescription in the client's medical record. (The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to collect more data. By verifying the prescription in the client's medical record, the nurse can ensure that the medication is prescribed for the client.) a nurse in an urgent care clinic is collecting data from four clients. which of the following clients should the nurse recommend for treatment a client who is experiencing shortness of breath after taking amoxicillin a nurse enters a clients room and sees smoke coming from a wastebasket next to the bed. which of the following actions should the nurse take first assist the client to a nearby waiting area A nurse is caring for a client who is in the final stages of cancer. which of the following situations should the nurse identify as an ethical dilemma? -The client is refusing to take any more medications or treatments. -The client asks the nurse to help them die peacefully in their sleep. -The client does not have advance directives in place. -The client tells the nurse they want to die at home. The client is refusing to take any more medications or treatments. (The client has the right to refuse medications and further treatment. The nurse should respect and honor the client's right to autonomy and inform the provider. This decision by the client does not present an ethical issue.) The client asks the nurse to help them die peacefully in their sleep. (This situation presents an ethical issue for the nurse because the client is asking for a variation of active euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, which is in violation of the Code of Ethics for Nurses. The nurse is legally and ethically unable to support this decision by the client and should ask for assistance with this dilemma.) The client does not have advance directives in place. (Advance directives can help guide the treatment plan and assist the family with future health care decisions when the client is unable to do so. However, it is not required, and not having advance directives in place does not present an ethical issue.) The client tells the nurse they want to die at home. (The nurse should respect and honor the client's wishes. The nurse can ask the charge nurse to recommend a referral for hospice care to assist the client and their family in their home. This decision by the client does not present an ethical issue.) a nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client who has osteoarthritis. which of the following instructions should the nurse include apply capsaicin cream 4 times daily a nurse in a urgent care clinic is caring for a child who has a minor burn on his palm after touching the burner on a hot stove. which of the following actions should the nurse take? 1. clean the burn with mild soap and tepid water 2. remove any embedded debris 3. apply an antimicrobial ointment 4. wrap the hand in a gauze dressing 5. inform the parent of dressing change schedule a nurse on a medical unit is reviewing a clients medical record. which of the following procedures should the nurse identify requires the client to sign a separate informed consent lumbar puncture a nurse is reinforcing teaching about managing manifestations of anxiety with a client who has generalized anxiety disorder. which of the following information should the nurse include say the word stop when upsetting thoughts occur a nurse is performing a dressing change for a client who is 3 days postop. which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider yellow green drainage at the incision line a nurse ina long term care facility is collecting data from a client who has been receiving betaxolol to treat glaucoma. which of the following findings is an adverse effect of this medication bradycardia a nurse in an outpatient surgery center is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client following a lithotripsy for uric acid stones. which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include in the teaching? strain the urine to collect stone fragments a nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a peritoneal dialysis. which of the following actions should the nurse take first ensure the dialysate solution is at room temperature a nurse in a providers office is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to follow a 2000mg sodium restricted diet. which of the following client food selections indicates an understanding of the teaching canned peaches a nurse enters the room of an adolescent client and finds him on the floor experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure. which of the following actions should the nurse take when the seizure subsides? -Insert a tongue blade in the client's mouth. -Assist the client to an upright position. -Offer clear fluids through a straw. -Keep the client in a side-lying position. Insert a tongue blade in the client's mouth. (The nurse should avoid putting anything in the client's mouth following a seizure.) Assist the client to an upright position. (The nurse should not attempt to place the client in an upright position following a seizure.) Offer clear fluids through a straw. (The nurse should not offer clear fluids following a seizure until the client's swallowing reflex has returned.) Keep the client in a side-lying position. (The nurse should keep the client in a side- lying position to facilitate drainage of any secretions and prevent aspiration.) a nurse is preparing to perform a bladder scan for a client. which of the following actions should the nurse take? -Ask the client to sign a consent form. -Use surgical aseptic technique. -Check for allergies to iodine or shellfish. -Tell the client they should not experience any discomfort. Ask the client to sign a consent form. (A bladder scan is not an invasive procedure and therefore does not require written consent.) Use surgical aseptic technique. (A bladder scan is a noninvasive procedure that requires clean, rather than sterile, technique.) Check for allergies to iodine or shellfish. (A bladder scan does not use contrast media; therefore, it is not necessary to check for an allergy to iodine or shellfish prior to this procedure.) Tell the client they should not experience any discomfort. (The nurse applies the handheld scanner over the area of the bladder when performing a bladder scan. This noninvasive procedure should not cause the client any discomfort.) a nurse is assisting with the admission of an older adult client. which of the following actions should the nurse take first complete a fall risk assessment on the client a nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has a prescription for range of motion exercises of the shoulder. which of the following exercises should the nurse recommend to promote shoulder hyper-extension? -Move the arm behind the body with the elbow straight. -Move the arm in a full circle. -Raise the arm out to the side and reach it above the head with the palm facing away from the head. -Raise the arm from the side straight forward and then up above the head. Move the arm behind the body with the elbow straight. (Hyperextension of the shoulder involves the deltoid, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles. The client performs this motion by moving their arm behind their body while keeping the elbow straight.) Move the arm in a full circle. (Circumduction of the shoulder is moving the arm in a full circle. This exercise involves the deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and coracobrachialis muscles.) Raise the arm out to the side and reach it above the head with the palm facing away from the head. (Abduction of the shoulder is moving the arm out to the side and reaching it above the head with the palm facing away from the head. This exercise involves the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles.) Raise the arm from the side straight forward and then up above the head. (Flexion of the shoulder is raising the arm from the side straight forward and then up above the head. This exercise involves the deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis muscles.) a nurse is receiving change of shift report for four clients. the nurse should plan to collect data from which of the following clients first a client who has asthma and had frequently exacerbation on the previous shift a nurse in a providers office is caring for a client who is at 34 weeks of gestation. which of the following instructions should the nurse anticipate providing to the client? -"Monitor your blood pressure using your right arm daily." -"Limit your fluid intake to 1 liter per day to decrease the swelling." -"Take nifedipine with a citrus juice, such as grapefruit juice." -"Obtain your weight twice each week." "Monitor your blood pressure using your right arm daily." (Based upon the client's statements, assessment, and laboratory findings, the nurse should identify the client has manifestations of preeclampsia. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor their blood pressure daily using the right arm each time so readings are consistent.) "Limit your fluid intake to 1 liter per day to decrease the swelling." (The nurse should identify pedal edema as a manifestation of preeclampsia and instruct the client to consume six to eight 8-oz glasses of water per day to maintain renal function.) "Take nifedipine with a citrus juice, such as grapefruit juice." (The nurse should instruct the client to avoid grapefruit juice because this will increase the effect of nifedipine and can cause severe hypotension.) "Obtain your weight twice each week." (The nurse should identify the 2 kg (4.4 lb) weight gain in 1 week as an indication of preeclampsia. The nurse should instruct clients to weigh themselves at the same time each day.) a nurse is collecting data from an older adult client who has a gastric ulcer. which of the findings should the nurse identify as a complication to report to the provider? hematemesis a nurse is assisting with planning palliative care for a client who has stage IV cancer and is in the active stage of dying. which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? -Position the client on the left side if nausea occurs. -Provide intramuscular pain medication to ease the client's pain. -Administer atropine to reduce the client's respiratory secretions. -Encourage the family members to speak in a loud tone of voice to the client. -Position the client on the left side if nausea occurs. (The nurse should plan to position the client to the right side to minimize nausea if it occurs.) -Provide intramuscular pain medication to ease the client's pain. (A client who is in the active stage of dying should receive only oral, sublingual, transdermal, IV, or rectal pain medication. The client who is dying has decreased blood circulation and would not absorb medication administered by injection well.) -Administer atropine to reduce the client's respiratory secretions. (The nurse should administer atropine to reduce terminal respiratory secretions and reduce noisy ventilations called "the death rattle.") -Encourage the family members to speak in a loud tone of voice to the client. (A client often experiences delirium in the active stage of dying. Family members should speak to the client using a calm, quiet voice.) a nurse is discussing the use of epidural analgesia with a newly licensed nurse. which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of this method of pain control? i should report leaking at the insertion site to the anesthesiologist a nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who is receiving continuous bladder irrigation immediately following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). which of the following interventions should the nurse include? -Maintain a drainage flow rate to keep the urine diluted to a reddish-pink color. -Use clean technique when removing clots from the bladder irrigation. -Add the amount of fluid instilled for irrigating when calculating the total output. -Use tap water for the bladder irrigation. -Maintain a drainage flow rate to keep the urine diluted to a reddish-pink color. (The nurse should maintain the flow rate of the bladder irrigation to keep the urine diluted to a reddish-pink color and the tubing free of clots and bleeding.) -Use clean technique when removing clots from the bladder irrigation. (The nurse should use sterile technique to clear the catheter tubing of clots or tissue if additional bladder irrigation is required.) -Add the amount of fluid instilled for irrigating when calculating the total output. (The nurse should record the amount of fluid used for irrigation and the amount returned. The difference between the two will determine the client's actual urinary output.) -Use tap water for the bladder irrigation. (The nurse should use sterile 0.9% sodium chloride solution for bladder irrigation.) a nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a mastectomy the following day. the client is tearful and tells the nurse that she is not ready to have this procedure done at this time. which of the following responses should the nirse make? would you like for me to talk to the surgeon with you a nurse is collecting data from a school age child who has hypoglycemia. which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect? sweating a nurse is assisting with a community education program for parents of preschoolers about recommended activities to promote physical development. which of the following statements should the nurse make? you should provide unorganized play activities for your child each day a nurse is monitoring a school age child who has anemia and is receiving a transfusion of packed RBCs. which of the following statements by the child indicates a possible hemolytic transfusion reaction that the nurse should report to the charge nurse and the provider? I an really cold. may i have another warm blanket a nurse is collecting data from a client who is at 30 weeks of gestation and has gestational diabetes. the nurse should report which of the following findings as an indication of hyperglycemia polyuria a nurse is collecting data from a client who has chronic pancreatitis and is receiving pancrelipase. which of the following indicates the client is experiencing a therapeutic response to the medicaiton reports decrease in number of stools a nurse is caring for a client who is 12hr postop following a total hip arthroplasty. which of the following actions should the nurse take? -Place an abduction wedge between the client's legs when in bed. -Apply a continuous passive range-of-motion device to the affected extremity twice daily. -Position pillows under the client's hips to maintain hip flexion at 110º while sitting in a chair. -Check the neurovascular status of the affected extremity every 4 hr. -Place an abduction wedge between the client's legs when in bed. (The nurse should place an abduction wedge between the client's legs while in bed to prevent adduction of the legs and hip dislocation following a total hip arthroplasty.) -Apply a continuous passive range-of-motion device to the affected extremity twice daily. (The nurse should apply a continuous passive range-of-motion device for a client who had a total knee, not hip, arthroplasty to promote flexion and extension of the operative knee.) -Position pillows under the client's hips to maintain hip flexion at 110º while sitting in a chair. (The nurse should avoid flexion of the client's hips beyond 90º because it can cause dislocation of the hip.) -Check the neurovascular status of the affected extremity every 4 hr. (The nurse should check the neurovascular status of the affected extremity hourly for the first 24 hr postoperative and then every 2 to 4 hr following a total hip arthroplasty. Neurovascular checks include monitoring the pulse, capillary refill, movement, sensation, and temperature of the affected extremity. The nurse should notify the provider of any change immediately.) a nurse in a providers office is caring for four clients. which of the following clients should the nurse see first? a client who is 36 weeks of gestation and reports a painless vaginal bleeding a nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about how to replace her 2 piece ostomy pouching system. the client tells the nurse that removing the skin barrier is painful. which of the following strategies should the nurse suggest hold the skin taut while removing the barrier a nurse is instructing an assisstive personnel about caring for a client who has hepatits A and is incontinent of stool. which of the following infection control precautions should the nurse instruct the ap to use contact a nurse is assisting in the plan of care for a client who has a viral meningitis. which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? -Place the client in a private room. -Turn on the television. -Check for a positive Chvostek sign. -Initiate antibiotic therapy. Place the client in a private room. (The nurse should place a client who has viral meningitis in a private room to prevent the transmission of the virus. Direct contact with a contaminated surface or the saliva, mucus, or feces of the person who has the infection transmits viral meningitis.) Turn on the television. (The nurse should keep the room of a client who has viral meningitis quiet and the dimly lit to decrease the risk for seizures.) Check for a positive Chvostek sign. (The nurse should check for a positive Brudzinski sign or Kernig sign to determine meningeal irritation. A positive Chvostek sign is a manifestation of hypocalcemia.) Initiate antibiotic therapy. (Viral meningitis does not respond to antibiotic therapy. A client who has bacterial meningitis should receive antibiotic therapy according to specific bacteria sensitivity.) a nurse is reinforcing teaching regarding puberty with a group of prepubescent female clients. which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching you will likely gain weight before you start to get taller a nurse in a providers office is reviewing the medical record of a client who requests a prescription for an oral contraceptive. which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a contraindication for oral contraceptive use? coronary artery disease a nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a terminal illness. the client states, i have nothing to live for. i just cannot go on. which of the following responses should the nurse make? it sounds like you feel there is no hope. are you thinking about harming yourself? A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client who has a nasogastric tube and is recieving continuous enteral feedings. which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan measure the pH of gastric tube aspirate prior to administering nutrition A nurse is caring for a client who is at 34 weeks of gestation and has mild preeclampsia. which of the following findings indicates a progression from mild to severe preeclampsia` Client reports blurred vision A nurse is collecting data from a client who has chronic hepatitis. in which of the following locations should the nurse expect the client to point to indicate hepatic tenderness? The client with chronic hepatitis will experience hepatic tenderness in the upper right quadrant, which is where the nurse should palpate. This is the area where the liver is located A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to undergo a thoracentesis for a left pleural effusion. in which of the following positions should the nurse place the client for the provider? upright with arms resting on the overbed table A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has asthma and has a prescription for thophylline which of the following statements should the nurse make Discontinue drinking caffeinated beverages A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for metrondiazole. the nurse should instruct the client to expert which of the following adverse effects while taking this medication reddish-brown urine a nurse is reinforcing preop teaching with a client who will receive morphine through a PCA pump after surgery. Which of the following information should the nurse include? -"To prevent falls, you will need to rest in bed while you are using the PCA pump." -"You should increase your fluid intake while receiving this medication through the PCA pump." -"You should give yourself a dose of medication after using the incentive spirometer." -"So you can rest, you can have your partner administer PCA doses of medication while you sleep." "To prevent falls, you will need to rest in bed while you are using the PCA pump." (The nurse should reinforce with the client that they should continue using morphine through the PCA pump to facilitate pain control while ambulating following surgery. Bed rest is not necessary when using a PCA pump.) "You should increase your fluid intake while receiving this medication through the PCA pump." (The client should increase their fluid intake to prevent or relieve the adverse effect of constipation while receiving morphine through the PCA pump.) "You should give yourself a dose of medication after using the incentive spirometer." (The nurse should reinforce with the client the need to administer a dose of morphine through the PCA pump prior to procedures or activities that might cause discomfort.) "So you can rest, you can have your partner administer PCA doses of medication while you sleep." (The nurse should reinforce with the client that no one should administer morphine through the PCA pump while they are sleeping, because it can lead to morphine toxicity. Only the client should activate PCA dosing of morphine.) A home health nurse is collecting data from an older adult client who has generalized anxiety disorder. the client lives at home with her partner and a sibling. which of the following responses by the clients partner is the priority for the nurse to address Her prescription isnt generic so we cant afford it anymore A nurse is caring for a group of clients. the nurse should fill out an incident report for which of the following situations: -A client who does not receive a medication until 15 min after the scheduled administration time -A visitor who develops a bruise on her head following a syncopal episode -A client who has diabetes mellitus and refuses their breakfast tray -A visitor who brings in fresh flowers for a client who is HIV-positive A client who does not receive a medication until 15 min after the scheduled administration time (This is within the time frame for medication administration, so incident report isn't needed) A visitor who develops a bruise on her head following a syncopal episode (The nurse should complete an incident report for an injury involving a client/visitor) A client who has diabetes mellitus and refuses their breakfast tray (The nurse should monitor the client for hypoglycemia, but this situation does not require an incident report.) A visitor who brings in fresh flowers for a client who is HIV-positive (The nurse should explain to the visitor that exposing the client to bacteria from fresh flowers places the client at risk, but this situation does not require an incident report.) A nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from a stroke and is experiencing difficulty using eating utensils. the nurse should identify the need for a referral to which of the following interprofessional team members occupational therapist A nurse is caring for a client who is being discharged home after experiencing a cerebrovascular accident. which of the following documents should the nurse plan to include with discharge instructions List of symptoms to report A nurse in a pediatric clinic receives a phone call from a parent whose child has just ingested the contents of a full bottle of acetaminophen. which of the following responses should the nurse make take your child to the emergency department a client is requesting information from a nurse about creating a health care proxy. which of the following statements should the nurse make the person you appoint will make health care decisions when the client is no longer able to make decisions herself A nurse is preparing to perform venipuncture to obtain a blood sample from a client. which of the following actions should the nurse take select a site in the antecubital fossa a nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports for a client who is 2 days postop following thoracic surgery. which of the following results should the nurse report to the provider WBC 25000 A nurse is assisting with the transfer of a client to a long term care facility. the nurse should review which of the following sections of the electronic medical record to locate information about the clients personal health insurance? -Graphic record -Consultation reports -Admission sheet -Nurses' notes Graphic record (The nurse will find measurements such as weight, intake, and vital signs in the client's graphic record.) Consultation reports (The nurse will find interprofessional information about client interventions and responses in the client's consultation reports.) Admission sheet (The nurse will find client data, such as date of birth, occupation, and the client's source of health insurance, on the client's admission sheet.) Nurses' notes (The nurse will find information about nursing interventions, as well as client condition and response to treatment, in the nurses' notes.) a nurse is caring for a client who is in an inpatient mental health unit and has dependent personality disorder. which of the following client behaviors should the nurse expect the client calls her partner to ask what she should wear each day a nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving IV fluids. for which of the following findings should the nurse stop the infusion edema above the catheter insertion site a nurse is using an interpreter to reinforce discharge teaching with a client who does not speak the same language as the nurse. which of the following actions should the nurse take observe the clients facial expressions during communication A nurse is assisting with the development of an in service for newly licensed nurses about seclusion. the nurse should identify the need to request a prescription for seclusion for which of the following situations? -A client hits another client because they thought the other client was talking about them. -A client states they are going to leave the facility in the middle of the night. -A client refuses to take their medication and throws the pills toward the nurse's desk. -A client shouts degrading statements at a family member. A client hits another client because they thought the other client was talking about them. (The nurse should request a prescription for seclusion for a client who hits another client to protect the client and others from physical injury.) A client states they are going to leave the facility in the middle of the night. (The nurse should use therapeutic communication techniques to gather data about the client's reasons for wanting to leave and attempt to resolve the client's concerns.) A client refuses to take their medication and throws the pills toward the nurse's desk. (The nurse should use de-escalation techniques for a client who throws their pills toward the nurse's desk. After the client calms down, the nurse should use therapeutic communication techniques to determine the client's reason for refusing their medication.) A client shouts degrading statements at a family member. (The nurse should use de- escalation techniques for a client who shouts at a family member.)