KPEERI EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!!

KPEERI EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!! "orthography - CORRECT ANSWER written or spelling system of a language" "What provides the foundation for working with written language (reading and writing)? - CORRECT ANSWER Oral language" "Oral language is - CORRECT ANSWER inherent." "dyslexia - CORRECT ANSWER A specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is a deficit in the phonological component of language and is characterized by poor spelling and decoding abilities." "What are some secondary consequences of dyslexia? - CORRECT ANSWER problems in reading comprehension reduced reading experience (impedes vocabulary and background knowledge)" "Differentiated instruction... - CORRECT ANSWER addresses the range of students' needs by using different materials, activities, technology, group size, and other accommodations and modifications." "Explicit instruction... - CORRECT ANSWER explains concepts clearly and directly. It often includes modeling and scaffolding through an "I do, we do, you do" progression." "Practice... - CORRECT ANSWER consists of frequent, distributed, and varied opportunities for students to execute a targeted skill with increasing independence and automaticity." "Scaffolding... - CORRECT ANSWER chunks information into smaller, logical steps. It also provides additional support necessary to connect new information with what is already known." "All examples of fricatives - CORRECT ANSWER /f/, /th/, /v/, /sh/" "Example of nasal phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER /ng/" "Example of unvoiced stop - CORRECT ANSWER /k/" "Example of glide - CORRECT ANSWER /y/" "Examples of continuants - CORRECT ANSWER /th/, /s/, /sh/, /m/" "Example of a voiced affricative - CORRECT ANSWER /j/" "Example of diphthong - CORRECT ANSWER /oi/" "Word containing a tense vowel phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER steak" "Word containing a lax front vowel phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER stream" "Consonants are - CORRECT ANSWER a group of speech sounds formed when the vocal airflow is constricted by the lips, teeth, tongue, or palette." "phoneme isolation - CORRECT ANSWER recognizing individual sounds in a word (e.g., /p/ is the first sound in pan)." "phoneme identification - CORRECT ANSWER recognizing the same sound in different words" "phoneme categorization - CORRECT ANSWER recognize a word with a sound that does not match the sounds in other words" "phoneme blending - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to blend individual sounds into a word." "phoneme segmentation - CORRECT ANSWER is a child's ability to recognize the separate sound units within a word" "phoneme manipulation - CORRECT ANSWER adding, deleting, and substituting sounds in words." "phoneme deletion - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to identify how a word would sound if one sound were omitted/AKA phoneme elision" "phoneme addition - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to identify how a word would sound if one sound were added" "phoneme substitution - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to identify how a word would sound if one sound were replaced with another" "phoneme reversal - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to identify how a word would sound if its sounds were blended backward" "Phonological Awareness Skills Progression - CORRECT ANSWER words-syllables-onset& rime-phonemes" "Instructional techniques to support students understanding of the articulatory features of phonemes: - CORRECT ANSWER using a mirror, modeling phoneme production, using hand gestures, using mouth pictures" "Example sequence of words that might pose a challenge for a student doing a phoneme chaining activity - CORRECT ANSWER pat, pet, pit, pot" "How many phonemes are in the word "knock"? - CORRECT ANSWER 3" "vowel-consonant- silent e - CORRECT ANSWER syllable with a single vowel followed by a consonant followed by a silent e in the final position" "closed syllable - CORRECT ANSWER syllable with a single vowel followed by one or more consonants in the final position" "vowel team - CORRECT ANSWER A syllable containing two vowels that together make one vowel sound" "consonant-le syllable - CORRECT ANSWER a final separate syllable containing a consonant followed by the letters le" "open syllable - CORRECT ANSWER a syllable with a long vowel phoneme in the final position" "consonant trigraph - CORRECT ANSWER three consonant letters that represent only one distinct speech sound (tch, dge)" "consonant digraph - CORRECT ANSWER two consecutive consonants that represent only one distinct (ch, sh, wh, ck)" "consonant blend - CORRECT ANSWER two or more consecutive consonants which retain their individual sounds ( /bl/ in block; /str/ in string)" "Examples of consonant digraphs - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder, king, crust" "Example of consonant trigraph - CORRECT ANSWER stitch" "How many graphemes in the word "night"? - CORRECT ANSWER 3" "Hardship has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 2/3" "Watchdog has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 2/2" "Dodge has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 1/1" "Aqueduct has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 3/2" "Electives has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 3/4" "Commission has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 3/3" "Biodegradable has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 6/4" "Injection has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 3/3" "Perceived has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 2/3" "Megaphone has how many syllables and how many morphemes? - CORRECT ANSWER 3/2" "A student who misspells the word "slack" as "slak" needs to understand... - CORRECT ANSWER how both pattern and position influence the spelling of the phoneme /k/." "A student who misspells the word "fail" as "fayl" needs to understand... - CORRECT ANSWER that the grapheme <oi> is used in the beginning or middle of a syllable." "A student who misspells he word "capture" as "kapture" needs to understand... - CORRECT ANSWER the spelling pattern for /k/ when followed by a, o, u, or a consonant." "A student who misspells the word "psychic" as "sikic" needs to understand... - CORRECT ANSWER that the word psychic is of Greek origin." "A student who misspells the word "health" as "hellth" needs to understand... - CORRECT ANSWER that the words "heal" and "health" are related." "Ehri's Phases of Reading Development - CORRECT ANSWER pre-alphabetic, partial alphabetic, full alphabetic, & consolidated alphabetic" "Pre-alphabetic phase - CORRECT ANSWER doesn't understand phoneme / letter correspondence, memorize visual features (word stop in stop sign), may recognize words in context" "Partial Alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER know some letters and letter-sound associations and can use them along with context clues, often use first letter to guess word" "Full Alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER Process all letter in words, focus on learning how to decode, applying letter-sound relationships, reading is slow & full of effort" "Consolidated Alphabetic Phase - CORRECT ANSWER Mastered phonemic awareness, processing longer, more sophisticated morphemes" "phonological spelling errors - CORRECT ANSWER phonemes not represented or inappropriately added/ graphemes transposed/ phonemes with similar sounds inappropriately substituted" "orthographic spelling errors - CORRECT ANSWER phonemes are represented but graphemes are incorrect" "syntactic spelling errors - CORRECT ANSWER spelling does match part of speech" "morphological spelling errors - CORRECT ANSWER morphemes or affixing errors" "reading fluency - CORRECT ANSWER reasonably accurate reading with suitable prosody that leads to accurate and deep comprehension and motivation to read" "3 components of reading fluency - CORRECT ANSWER 1. accuracy 2. automaticity 3. proper expression" "Common deficits that impact reading fluency - CORRECT ANSWER processing speed, rapid automatic naming (RAN), word recognition, and working memory" "A reasonable reading rate - CORRECT ANSWER mimics speech" "independent reading level - CORRECT ANSWER the level at which a reader can read text with 95% accuracy/ relatively easy text for the reader" "instructional reading level - CORRECT ANSWER the level at which a student can read with teacher support and instruction with 90-94% accuracy/ challenging but manageable" "Fluency is both a ________ and a __________ of reading comprehension. - CORRECT ANSWER cause & consequence" "surface code - CORRECT ANSWER the exact words and phrases that make up a text" "text base - CORRECT ANSWER surface code + what the author intends and wants the reader to take away" "situational/mental model - CORRECT ANSWER surface code + text base + background knowledge= the coherent representation of overall meaning conveyed by a text" "local coherence - CORRECT ANSWER integrating meaning of successive clauses and sentences within a text" "global coherence - CORRECT ANSWER integrating background knowledge to see how ideas fit together as a whole" "Approximately what percent of children acquire age-appropriate word reading skills but unexpectedly experience comprehension difficulties? - CORRECT ANSWER 10%" "Text processing skills that should be taught to support poor comprehenders - CORRECT ANSWER summarizing, lexical inferencing, question generating" "lexical inferencing - CORRECT ANSWER inferring meaning from "clue words" in the text" "micro processes - CORRECT ANSWER chunk idea units in a sentence" "integrative processes - CORRECT ANSWER integrate facts and information between sentences" "macro processes - CORRECT ANSWER construct the mental model or big picture of a text" "elaborative processes - CORRECT ANSWER elaborate on what the author provides and connect information to background knowledge when information is only implied in the text" "metacognitive reading skills - CORRECT ANSWER monitoring comprehension, knowing what to remember, recognizing one's own confusion, choosing and regulating reading strategies" "Proficient reading requires the development of both _________ and _____________. - CORRECT ANSWER word recognition and language comprehension" "3 potential sources that may cause comprehension problems - CORRECT ANSWER 1. access to vocabulary and background knowledge 2. working and long-term memory 3. standards on coherence (metacognition)" "Strategies for supporting students with attention deficits - CORRECT ANSWER establish eye contact, remove distractions, use visual aids, stop to check for understanding, provide active learning and productive movement opportunities" "Strategies for supporting students with memory deficits - CORRECT ANSWER provide repetition and review, use visual aids, use graphic organizers, activate prior knowledge, use mnemonic devices, use rehearsal strategies" "Strategies for supporting students with executive function deficits - CORRECT ANSWER provide brainstorming strategies, use graphic organizers, teach students self-evaluation, establish goals, provide checklists" "Strategies for supporting students with processing speed deficits - CORRECT ANSWER repeated practices, clear directions, assistive technology" "Example of syntactical spelling error - CORRECT ANSWER by for buy" "Example of orthographic spelling error - CORRECT ANSWER nite for night" "Example of phonological spelling error - CORRECT ANSWER wif for with" "Example of morphological spelling error - CORRECT ANSWER kisst for kissed" "The primary manifestations of dyslexia include difficulties with - CORRECT ANSWER word recognition and spelling" "Content area literacy is strongly impacted by - CORRECT ANSWER vocabulary knowledge, topic knowledge, text structure knowledge, and text transparency" "Strategies content area teachers can use to increase comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER 1. teach students to identify text enhancements 2. teach common, specialized, and technical vocabulary 3. tech common literary aids for word meaning 4. teach signal words and phrases for relationships 5. use graphic organizers 6. have students write summaries and/or text questions" "Approximately how many words does the average learn each year? - CORRECT ANSWER 3,000" "Learning definitional information includes - CORRECT ANSWER learning synonyms and antonyms, making comparisons, & categorization" "Stahl and Fairbanks's (1986) 3 guiding principles for effective vocabulary instruction - CORRECT ANSWER 1. definitional and contextual information 2. generating connections 3. multiple exposures to target words" "Environmental factor that contribute to literacy - CORRECT ANSWER experiences with language and literacy, cultural experiences, and primary language spoken at home" "Syntax contributes to both ________ and __________. - CORRECT ANSWER reading comprehension and written expression" "Written academic sentences can be challenging due to - CORRECT ANSWER number of thought units (clauses), number of embeddings (phrases), long distance dependencies, and order of grammatical errors." "cohesive devices - CORRECT ANSWER semantic and syntactic links that help readers bridge and integrate information within and between sentences and paragraphs" "cohesive tie - CORRECT ANSWER takes its meaning from another part of the sentence or other sentences/examples include pronoun referents, repetition, synonyms and substitutions, and ellipsis" "connectives - CORRECT ANSWER words or phrases that signal logical relationships between the parts of a sentence or between separate sentences and paragraphs" "cohesive devices= - CORRECT ANSWER cohesive ties and connectives" "Ways to teach cohesive devices - CORRECT ANSWER questioning, highlighting & coding, replace & maintain, combining sentences, cloze tasks, and cued selection" “phonology - CORRECT ANSWER speech sound system of a language, how the sounds can be produced, sequenced, and combined to make words" "morphology - CORRECT ANSWER smallest unit of meaning in a language, how the units combine to change meaning, prefixes, suffixes, base elements" "morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER smallest unit of meaning" "phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER smallest unit of sound" "semantics - CORRECT ANSWER meanings of words, phrases, and sentences, and their relationship in a language, expressions and figurative language" "syntax - CORRECT ANSWER rules for organizing words, phrases, and clauses to form sentences in a language, parts of speech, sentence types" "pragmatics - CORRECT ANSWER rules for how language is used appropriately in different social contexts, linguistic and nonlinguistic, discourse" "Literacy, the ability to read and write, is - CORRECT ANSWER not inherent and must be learned." "expressive language - CORRECT ANSWER our ability to put thoughts and feelings into words and sentences" "receptive language - CORRECT ANSWER our ability to understand information in spoken or written form" "Orthography deals with - CORRECT ANSWER word recognition (alphabetic principal, decoding, spelling patterns, syllable patterns)." "Phonology deals with - CORRECT ANSWER word recognition (phonological awareness, decoding, and spelling)." "Morphology deals with - CORRECT ANSWER reading comprehension (vocabulary, word recognition, phonological awareness, decoding, and spelling)." "Semantics deals with - CORRECT ANSWER reading comprehension (vocabulary and figurative language)." "Syntax deals with - CORRECT ANSWER reading comprehension and written expression (sentence comprehension and sentence composition)." "Pragmatics deals with - CORRECT ANSWER reading comprehension and written expression (audience participation, use of dialogue, cohesive texts, etc.)." "Simple view of reading - CORRECT ANSWER word recognition X language comprehension = reading comprehension" "Language comprehension (deriving meaning from oral/written language) includes - CORRECT ANSWER background knowledge, vocabulary, language structures (syntax/semantics), verbal reasoning (making inferences, predicting, figurative language), and literacy knowledge (text structure/genres)." "Word recognition (decoding) includes - CORRECT ANSWER phonological awareness, decoding, and sight recognition." "Inferior frontal gyrus controls - CORRECT ANSWER speech-sound awareness, phonological processor, and expressive language." "Parieto temporal lobe controls - CORRECT ANSWER receptive language, context and meaning processor, word analysis." "Occipito temporal lobe controls - CORRECT ANSWER letter recognition, orthographic processor, words recognized by sight. Known as the brain's letterbox." "Part of the brain that allows you to sound out words - CORRECT ANSWER parieto temporal lobe" "Part of the brain that recognizes words by sight - CORRECT ANSWER occipito temporal lobe" "Part of the brain that thinks about how to pronounce words - CORRECT ANSWER inferior frontal gyrus" "People with dyslexia - CORRECT ANSWER have little to no neuronal activation in posterior reading systems and rely only on the inferior frontal gyrus (which causes an overactivation and disruption in gyrus)." "What percentage of the world's population have at least some symptoms of dyslexia? - CORRECT ANSWER 15-20%" "What is an essential prerequisite to understanding that the sequences of individual spoken sounds are represented by sequences of printed letters on a page? - CORRECT ANSWER phonological awareness" "language comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to simultaneously integrate and organize information from various language systems into a single meaningful representation" "True or False: Typical reading comprehension strategy instruction (questioning, visualizing, summarizing, etc.) cannot replace a lack of language comprehension. - CORRECT ANSWER True" "True or False: Everyone with dyslexia qualifies for special education services. - CORRECT ANSWER False" "What we teach - CORRECT ANSWER phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, & comprehension" "How we teach - CORRECT ANSWER explicit instruction, systematic & cumulative curriculum, differentiated instruction, opportunities for practice & feedback, and effective instructional strategies" "Corrective feedback... - CORRECT ANSWER provides opportunities for teacher responses during and following the execution of tasks that account for an individual student's level of mastery." "Cumulative instruction... - CORRECT ANSWER builds on and regularly reviews what a student already knows." "Diagnostic-Prescriptive instruction... - CORRECT ANSWER uses an understanding of the individual needs of students to adapt instructional strategies. Information from initial and ongoing assessment of students' needs as well as their understanding, and application of skills taught are used to develop a teaching plan based on careful and continuous assessment; lessons paced on students' understanding and demonstration of understanding." "Simultaneous-Multisensory Instruction... - CORRECT ANSWER makes use of all sensory pathways, at the same time whenever possible. This includes multiple modalities including visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic pathways." "Systematic Instruction... - CORRECT ANSWER follows a clearly defined sequence for learning how to read, using the logical order of language." "Ways to explicitly teach the articulatory features of a phoneme - CORRECT ANSWER use a mirror, model the phoneme production, use mouth pictures, describing how the speech sound feels as it's being produced in the mouth, placing a hand on the voice box" "Set of consonant phonemes that show articulatory contrast - CORRECT ANSWER /m/ and /h/" "True or false: When introducing phonemes to ELL, teachers should begin by making connections to the sounds that exist in both the primary language and English before introducing new sounds. - CORRECT ANSWER True" "phonological memory - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to remember speech sounds briefly" "rapid naming (RAN) - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to efficiently retrieve phonological information from long-term memory" "Continuants include: - CORRECT ANSWER glides, liquids, fricatives" "Continuants are - CORRECT ANSWER consonants that can be spoken continuously until we run out of breath." "Place of articulation refers to - CORRECT ANSWER where the speech sound is produced (front, middle, or back of mouth) and the shape and placement of lips, teeth, and tongue." "Manner of articulation refers to - CORRECT ANSWER how the speech sound is made or how the airflow is blocked, constricted, or directed through the throat, vocal folds, and nose to produce the phoneme." "Nasals... - CORRECT ANSWER are produced when air is constricted and redirected through the nose, always voiced, /m/, /n/, and /nj/." "Stops.. - CORRECT ANSWER are produced by one push of breath, 3 voiced/unvoiced pairs in English language (/p/ and /b/, /d/ and /t/, and /k/ ang /g/." "Fricatives... - CORRECT ANSWER are produced as air is pushed thrugh small pathways in the mouth, make a hissing or buzzing sound, 4 voiced/unvoiced pairs in English language (/f/ and /v/, /th/ and /th/, /s/ and /z/. and /sh/ and /zh/) as well as the unvoiced /h/." "Affricatives... - CORRECT ANSWER are a combination of stop and fricative produced when air is forced out with some hissing or buzzing, one voiced/unvoiced pair (/ch/ and /j/)." "Liquids... - CORRECT ANSWER are sounds that are fluid. They are influenced by the speech sounds around them and can also influence the preceding vowel sounds- /l/ and /r/." "Glides... - CORRECT ANSWER are a bit like vowels in that they involve less airflow constriction, always followed by vowel phonemes, /y/, /w/, and /hw/." "coarticulation - CORRECT ANSWER the articulation of two or more speech sounds together, so that one influences the other" "vowels - CORRECT ANSWER a group of speech sounds formed when the vocal airflow is open and unrestricted" "Every spoken syllable must have - CORRECT ANSWER a vowel sound" "All vowel sounds are - CORRECT ANSWER voiced/ continuants" "How many vowel phonemes are there? - CORRECT ANSWER 15-19" "Diphthongs - CORRECT ANSWER a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (as in coin or oil), /oi/ and /ou/." "r-controlled vowels - CORRECT ANSWER vowels that change their sound when followed by the letter R (Examples: car, her, sir, for, fur)" "schwa - CORRECT ANSWER a pronunciation symbol with the sound of "uh" as in about; often the vowel sound in an unstressed syllable" "long vowels= - CORRECT ANSWER jaw muscle tighter" "short vowels= - CORRECT ANSWER jaw muscle more relaxed" "macron - CORRECT ANSWER horizontal mark indicating that the vowel over which it is placed is long" "breve - CORRECT ANSWER a curved mark indicating the vowel over which it is placed is short" "Phonological deficits may present early as: - CORRECT ANSWER mispronunciation of words, trouble remembering sounds, confusion of similar sounding phonemes, problems pronouncing nonsense words, difficulty segmenting and sequencing sounds when spelling, trouble remembering information presented orally, difficulty remembering names" "When introducing the /d/ phoneme, what is an example of a word that should be avoided to minimize co-articulation effects? - CORRECT ANSWER drop" "A kindergarten student who shows proficiency with phoneme isolation, identification, and categorization is ready to begin working on - CORRECT ANSWER Phoneme blending & segmentation" "Phonological awareness practice can be incorporated into... - CORRECT ANSWER spelling instruction & word recognition instruction" "Effective, evidence-based phonemic awareness instruction should... - CORRECT ANSWER use tactile aids (blocks, chips, sound boxes, finger tapping), be taught in K-1 (and beyond for those who need it), involve frequent 5-10 minute practice sessions" "rime - CORRECT ANSWER the first vowel sound in a word and all of the sound that follow" "onset - CORRECT ANSWER the sounds in a word that precede the firs vowel sound" "What is the onset of the word shriek? - CORRECT ANSWER /shr/" "Phonological awareness examples - CORRECT ANSWER identifying words that rhyme, recognizing alliteration, segmenting a sentence into word, identifying syllables in a word, blending and segmenting onsets and rimes" "Phonemic awareness examples - CORRECT ANSWER blending sounds into words, segmenting words into sounds, manipulating sounds" "orthographic mapping - CORRECT ANSWER the encoding process in the brain that maps sounds (phonemes) to letters (graphemes)" "orthographic knowledge - CORRECT ANSWER knowledge of common letter patterns that skilled readers use rapidly and accurately to associate with sounds" "orthographic retrieval - CORRECT ANSWER the ability to recall orthographic knowledge from long-term memory" "orthographic processing - CORRECT ANSWER orthographic mapping, knowledge, & retrieval" "alphabetic principle - CORRECT ANSWER an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words" "grapheme - CORRECT ANSWER the letter or group of letters that represents a speech sound within a word" "syllable - CORRECT ANSWER a unit of speech heard as a single sound; one "beat" of a word or phrase/must contain a vowel phoneme" "Logical progression for consonant instruction - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Consonants with one frequent predictable phoneme 2. Consonants with more than one phoneme 3. Consonant digraphs with one frequent phoneme 4. Consonant digraphs with more than one phoneme 5. Trigraphs 6. Special situations" "Logical progression for vowel instruction - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Lax (short) phonemes in closed syllables 2. Tense (long) phonemes in open syllables 3. Tense (long) phonemes in consonant-vowel-e syllables 4. Vowel phonemes in r-controlled syllables 5. Vowel teams with one frequent phoneme 6. Vowel teams with more than one frequent phoneme 7. Special situations"