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Ability
- answers-rOne of the characteristics in Attribution Theory a student will use to figure
out why his or her actions had the outcome they did. This characteristic is stable and
intrinsic to the student.
Absolute Grading Standards
- answers-rAn approach to grading where the students are given a numerical score,
using either a 10-point or a 7-point grading scale. These scores may be translated into a
letter grade or compared to the average score on a test.
Academic Learning Time
- answers-rThe amount of time the student spends focused on his studies when he is
successful at learning the material.
Accelerated Programs
- answers-rAcademic programs where students are taught basic information and then
allowed to progress at their own pace. This type of program is used for gifted children.
Achievement Motivation
- answers-rThe degree to which a student desires and actively strives to excel and
succeed.
Achievement Test Battery
- answers-rA kind of achievement test which combines several different subject areas
into the same test.
Achievement Tests
- answers-rTests designed to measure a student's completion or a particular course or
subject area.
,Acronym
- answers-rA mnemonic device that creates a shorthand based on the first letter of each
word in a set to be memorized.
Acrostic Mnemonic Device
- answers-rA mnemonic device that creates a sentence based on the first letter of each
word in a set to be memorized.
Active teaching
- answers-rA method of pedagogy where the teacher actively looks for ways to improve
the students' knowledge of a subject. Ways of doing this include actively presenting
concepts, checking to see if the students understand, and reteaching any trouble areas
for the students.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
- answers-rA disruptive disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of certain traits
such as impulse control, leading to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The
three types are predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and
combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive.
Advance Organizer
- answers-rInformation given in advance of a lesson to prepare the students by
reminding them of important information learned before and focusing them on key
information.
Affective Objectives
- answers-rTaxonomies detailing the types of values and attitudes the student should
develop by the end of the course.
Algorithm
- answers-rA step-by-step procedure to solve a problem.
Allocated Time
- answers-rThe amount of class time devoted to teaching.
Alternate (or Parallel) Forms Reliability
- answers-rA measure of how well scores from two different tests meant to evaluate the
same thing correlate with each other.
Analogies
- answers-rRelating current information with previous learning.
Analytical Intelligence
- answers-rThe ability to see useful relationships between different ideas or aspects of a
problem. This is thought to be one of the types of intelligence on which creativity is
based.
, Anxiety Disorders
- answers-rA category of psychological disorders where the sufferer will experience
chronic anxiety and apprehension.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
- answers-rBehavioral modification based on behavioral learning theory.
Aptitude Tests
- answers-rTests designed to evaluate a student's present performance and predict how
well he or she will perform in the future.
Articulation Difficulties
- answers-rDifficulty pronouncing the correct sound or substituting with an incorrect
sound.
Assertive Discipline
- answers-rAn approach to classroom management where the teacher will enforce clear
rules for student conduct, quickly and impartially punishing any disobedience.
At-Risk Students
- answers-rStudents who are in danger of failing to complete a basic education needed
for operating successfully in society.
Attention
- answers-rConsciously focusing on specific stimuli. This process prevents irrelevant
information from interfering with one's cognitive processes.
Attribution Theory
- answers-rA theory which states that how students view the world determines their
motivation and behavior. This theory attempts to explain how people account for their
successes and failures. In general, students attribute their successes to their innate
abilities, while they blame their failures on the situation or other people involved.
attrition
- answers-rThe loss of subjects in a research study over time due to participant drop-
out.
Automaticity
- answers-rThe ability to perform a task automatically, with little or no conscious effort.
Babbling
- answers-rSpontaneous noises an infant makes which include only the sounds found in
his or her native language.