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TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide

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TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete GuideTESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete GuideTESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete GuideTESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete GuideTESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete GuideTESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete GuideTESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide

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McCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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Institution
McCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Course
McCANCE AND HUETHER’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

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TESTBANK FOR MCCANCE AND HUETHER’S
ll ll ll ll



PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR
ll ll ll ll ll



ll DISEASES IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 9TH EDITION/ALL
ll ll ll ll ll ll



CHAPTERS/COMPLETE GUIDE 2024-2025
ll ll ll

, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
ll ll ll




MULTIPLE llCHOICE

1. Which llstatement llbest lldescribes llthe llcellular llfunction llof llmetabolic llabsorption?
a. Cells llcan llproduce llproteins. c. Cells llcan lltake llin lland lluse llnutrients.
b. Cells llcan llsecrete lldigestive llenzymes. d. l l Cells llcan llsynthesize llfats.
ACCURATE llANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>In llmetabolic llabsorption, llall llcells lltake llin lland lluse llnutrients lland llother
llsubstances llfrom lltheir llsurroundings. llThe llremaining lloptions llare llnot llinclusive llin lltheir

lldescriptions llof llcellular llmetabolic llabsorption.




PTS: ll ll 1 REF: l l PG ll2

2. Most llof lla llcell’s llgenetic llinformation, llincluding llRNA lland llDNA, llis llcontained llin llthe:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. l l l l Lysosome

ACCURATE llANSWER:-C
Reasoning:->>>The llnucleus llcontains llthe llnucleolus, lla llsmall lldense llstructure
llcomposed lllargely llof llRNA, llmost llof llthe llcellular llDNA, lland llthe llDNA-binding

llproteins, llsuch llas llthe llhistones, llwhich llregulate llits llactivity. llThe llother lloptions lldo llnot

llcontain llmost llof lla llcell’s llgenetic llinformation.




PTS: ll ll 1 REF: l l PG ll2

3. Which llcomponent llof llthe l l cell llprodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
p eroxide ll(H2O2) llby llusing
lloxygen llto llremove llhydrogen llatoms llfrom llspecific llsubstrates llin llan lloxidative
llreaction?

a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. l l Oxyhydrosomes

ACCURATE llANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes llare llso llnamed llbecause llthey llusually llcontain llenzymes llthat
lluse lloxygen llto llremove llhydrogen llatoms llfrom llspecific llsubstrates llin llan lloxidative


llreaction llthat llproduces llH2O2, llwhich llis lla llpowerful lloxidant lland llpotentially lldestructive

llif llit llaccumulates llor llescapes llfrom llperoxisomes. llRibosomes llare llRNA-protein

llcomplexes ll(nucleoproteins) llthat llare llsynthesized llin llthe llnucleolus lland llsecreted llinto

llthe llcytoplasm llthrough llpores llin llthe llnuclear llenvelope llcalled llnuclear llpore llcomplexes.

llLysosomes llare llsaclike llstructures llthat lloriginate llfrom llthe llGolgi llcomplex lland llcontain

llmore llthan ll40 lldigestive llenzymes llcalled llhydrolases, llwhich llcatalyze llbonds llin llproteins,

lllipids, llnucleic llacids, lland llcarbohydrates. llOxyhydrosomes llare llinvolved llin llenzyme

llproduction.




PTS: ll ll 1 REF: l l PG ll8

4. Which llcell llcomponent llis llcapable llof llcellular llautodigestion llwhen llit llis llreleased llduring
cell llinjury?
ll

a. Ribosome c. Smooth llendoplasmic llreticulum
b. Golgi llcomplex d. l l Lysosomes

ACCURATE llANSWER:-D

, Reasoning:->>>The lllysosomal llmembrane llacts llas lla llprotective llshield llbetween llthe
llpowerful lldigestive llenzymes llwithin llthe lllysosome lland llthe llcytoplasm, llblocking lltheir

llleakage llinto llthe llcytoplasmic llmatrix. llDisruption llof llthe llmembrane llby llvarious

lltreatments llor llcellular llinjury llleads llto lla llrelease llof llthe lllysosomal llenzymes, llwhich llcan

llthen llreact llwith lltheir llspecific llsubstrates, llcausing llcellular llself-digestion. llThe llother

lloptions lldo llnot llcorrectly lldescribe llthis llprocess.




PTS: ll ll 1 REF: l l PGs ll7-8

5. What llis llthe llsequence llof llsteps llin llthe lldevelopment llof lla lldigestive llenzyme llby llthe
pancreas llcells llfrom llthe llinitial lltranscription llto llthe llrelease llfrom llthe llcell?
ll

a. The llenzyme llis lltranscribed llfrom llDNA llby llRNA llin llthe llnucleus, llproceeds
to llthe llribosome llfor llsynthesis, lland llis llconducted llin lla llsecretory llvesicle llto
ll

the llcell llmembrane.
ll

b. The llenzyme llis lltranscribed llfrom llRNA llby llDNA llin llthe llnucleus, llproceeds llto
llthe lllysosome llfor llsynthesis, lland llis llconducted llin llan llencapsulated llmembrane llto

llthe llcell llmembrane.

c. The llenzyme llis lltranscribed llby llthe llmitochondria llin llthe llnucleus, llproceeds llto
llthe llribosome llfor llsynthesis, lland llis llconducted llin lla llcytoskeleton llto llthe llcell

llmembrane.

d. The llenzyme llis lltranscribed llfrom llDNA llby llRNA llin llthe llnucleus, llproceeds llto
llthe llGolgi llcomplex llfor llsynthesis, lland llis llconducted llin lla llcytosol llto llthe llcell

llmembrane.



ACCURATE llANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The llenzyme llis lltranscribed llfrom llDNA llby llRNA llin llthe llnucleus,
llproceeds llto llthe llribosome llfor llsynthesis, lland llis llconducted llin lla llsecretory llvesicle llto

llthe llcell llmembrane. llThe llother lloptions lldo llnot llcorrectly lldescribe llthis llprocess.

PTS: ll ll 1 REF: l l PG ll7 ll| llFigure ll1-5

6. During llwhich llphase llof llthe llcell llcycle llis llDNA llsynthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. l l M

ACCURATE llANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>The llfour lldesignated llphases llof llthe llcell llcycle llare: ll(1) llthe llG1 llphase
ll(G ll= llgap), llwhich llis llthe llperiod llbetween llthe llM llphase ll(M ll= llmitosis) lland llthe llstart llof


llDNA llsynthesis; ll(2) llthe llS llphase ll(S ll= llsynthesis), llduring llwhich llDNA llis llsynthesized

llin llthe llcell llnucleus; ll(3) llthe llG2 llphase, llduring llwhich llRNA lland llprotein llsynthesis

lloccurs, llthe llperiod llbetween llthe llcompletion llof llDNA llsynthesis lland llthe llnext llphase

ll(M); lland ll(4) llthe llM llphase, llwhich llincludes llnuclear lland llcytoplasmic lldivision.



PTS: ll ll 1 REF: l l PG ll37

7. What llorganic llcompound llfacilitates lltransportation llacross llcell llmembranes llby llacting
llas llreceptors, lltransportation/transport llchannels llfor llelectrolytes, lland llenzymes llto
lldrive llactive llpumps?

a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. l l Carbohydrates

ACCURATE llANSWER:-C

, Reasoning:->>>Proteins llact llas ll(1) llrecognition lland llbinding llunits ll(receptors) llfor
llsubstances llmoving llin lland llout llof llthe llcell; ll(2) llpores llor lltransportation/transport

llchannels llfor llvarious llelectrically llcharged llparticles llcalled llions llor llelectrolytes lland

llspecific llcarriers llfor llamino llacids lland llmonosaccharides; lland

(3) llspecific llenzymes llthat lldrive llactive llpumps llthat llpromote llthe llconcentration llof
+
llcertain llions, llparticularly llpotassium ll(K ), llwithin llthe llcell llwhile llkeeping llconcentrations
+
llof llother llions, llfor llexample, llsodium ll(Na ), llbelow llthe llconcentrations llfound llin llthe

llextracellular llenvironment. llThe llother lloptions lldo llnot llcorrectly lldescribe llthis llprocess.




PTS: ll ll 1 REF: l l PG ll13 ll| llPG ll15

8. Understanding llthe llvarious llsteps llof llproteolytic llcascades, llsuch llas llcaspase-mediated
apoptosis lland llcomplement llcascades, llmay llbe lluseful llin lldesigning lldrug lltherapy llfor
ll

which llhuman lldiseases?
ll

a. Cardiac lland llvascular lldisorders
b. Autoimmune lland llmalignant lldisorders
c. Gastrointestinal lland llrenal lldisorders
d. Endocrine lland llgastrointestinal lldisorders

ACCURATE llANSWER:-B
Reasoning:->>>Understanding llthe llvarious llsteps llinvolved llin llthis llprocess llis llcrucial
llfor lldesigning lldrug llinterventions. llDysregulation llof llproteases llfeatures llprominently llin

llmany llhuman lldiseases, llincluding llcancer, llautoimmunity, lland llneurodegenerative

lldisorders. llThe llother lloptions lldo llnot llcorrectly lldescribe llthis llprocess.




PTS: ll ll 1 REF: ll ll PG ll15

9. Which llstructure llblocks llwater-soluble llmolecules llfrom llentering llcells llacross llthe
plasma ll
ll
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate llchains c. Membrane llchannel llproteins
b. Glycoprotein llchannels d. l l Lipid llbilayer

ACCURATE llANSWER:-D
Reasoning:->>>The llbilayer’s llstructure llaccounts llfor llone llof llthe llessential llfunctions
llof llthe llplasma llmembrane. llIt llis llimpermeable llto llmost llwater-soluble llmolecules

ll(molecules llthat lldissolve llin llwater) llbecause llthe llwater-soluble llmolecules llare llinsoluble

llin llthe lloily llcore llregion. llThe llbilayer llserves llas lla llbarrier llto llthe lldiffusion llof llwater

lland llhydrophilic llsubstances llwhile llallowing lllipid-soluble llmolecules, llsuch llas lloxygen

ll(O2) lland llcarbon lldioxide ll(CO2), llto lldiffuse llthrough llit llreadily. llThe llother lloptions lldo

llnot llcorrectly lldescribe llthis llprocess.




PTS: ll ll 1 REF: l l PGs ll12-13

10. The llfluid llmosaic llmodel llexplains:
a. How lla llcell llmembrane llfunctions
b. Why llour llbodies llappear llto llbe llsolid
c. How lltissue llis lldifferentiated
d. How llfluid llmoves llbetween llthe llintracellular lland llextracellular llcompartments

ACCURATE llANSWER:-A
Reasoning:->>>The llfluid llmosaic llmodel llaccounts llfor llthe llflexibility llof llcellular llmembranes,
lltheir

self-sealing llproperties, lland lltheir llimpermeability llto llmany llsubstances. llThe llremaining
lloptions lldo llnot llexplain llthe llmosaic llmodel.

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