PS381 Final Exam| QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS| LATEST
UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
Transtheoretical model of change: precontemplation unaware behavior is an issue, do not
intend to change, or see value in changing
Transtheoretical model of change: Contemplation Recognize problem and have good
intentions for change
Transtheoretical model of change: preparation Getting ready to take action towards change,
may make small steps
Transtheoretical model of change: action Person is engaging in specific, overt actions to
change
Transtheoretical model of change: maintenance Changes have been made, and the person is
struggling less than in the action stage
Transtheoretical model of change: Relapse and lapse Slip up; opportunity to learn from
setbacks
Forensic Psychology area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology
to issues within and related to the justice system
Clinical vs Forensic Psychology: Client The client is the paitent for clinical, and the justice
system/court or insurance agency is the client for forensic psychology.
Clinical vs Forensic Psychology: Presence Clinical psychologists should be supportive and
caring during therapy; forensic psychologists must remain neutral and detached.
,Forensic Psychology: sessions normally see a client for a couple of sessions in a highly
structured, evaluative context. The excpetion would be when the forensic psychologist is
providing treatment.
Tasks of the clinical forensic psychologist Treatment of crime victims, perpetrators, and
workers in the legal field. Consultation and opinions od witnesses, victims, accussed, and the
officers. May be involved in police training, lie detection, and expert witness. Workplace safety.
Child custody, adoption, and parental rights. Professional malpractice.
Issues in assessment in forensic psychology Important to be clear on who is the client,
confidentiality cannot be assured, evaluations conducted for the court may become public
knowledge.
Clinical approach in predicting dangerousness Assessors use psychological tests, clinical
interviews, clinical experiences, and their personal judgements to determine future
dangerousness.
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: questionnaries and formulas These are
compiled from a comparison of the individual's characteristics with known correlations to
future dangerousness
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: Factors age, sex, social class, personality
variables.
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: historical factors history of violence, work
history, mental health history, and criminal history
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: Contextual variables Current social
supports, presence or availability of weapons, current stress levels
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: Clinical variables Mental disorders, drug
and alcohol abuse, overall level of functioning, psychotic symptoms, and psychopathy
,The base rate problem The difficulty in predicting dangerousness because it happens so
infrequently
Assessment methods used by expert forensic psychologists Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
(PCL-R) most commonly used, Static-99 (predicting reoffending), MMPI-2, Neuropsychological
tests (Luria and Halstead-Reitan), WAIS (50% of adolescents on trail), Projective tests
(predicting continued violence and competency for trial).
Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) and Psychopathy Predicts recidivism, violence,
and response to therapy. 20 item scale, maxium 40. Psychologist does record reciew,
information from others who know the person, and the person themself.
MMPI-2 in forensic Assessment Foxtrot profile, streetwise, tough, cynical, antisocial,
extensive criminal histories. Elevations on scales 4, 8, 9, (psychopathic deviance,
schizophrenia/Psychoticism, mania)
Distorted perceptions and cognitions in offenders A sense of entitlement, inability to delay
gratification, confuses wants and needs, ignores the rights of other people, a tendency to act on
impulse/no self-control, no emapthy, cannot manange anger, using violence to achieve goals,
poor problem solving, immature thoughts, inability to consider consequences, egocentric view,
unwilling to accept blame.
Competence to stand trail Abilty to understand the nature and object of the processdings
and assist in defence. Has a mental defect or mental illness that interferes with ability to
understand.
Not competent to stand trial May attempt to restore competency through medication and
psychological treatment and education.
Not competent to stand trial: Florida and texas Have an intensive competency restoration
program, which a person would go through before being executed.
, Diminished capactiy defenses: accepted defence Physician provided medication that
interfered with ability to know right or wrong. Has a disease of the mind/mental conditions that
interferes with ability to understand consequence
Diminished capactiy defenses: no longer a defence in Canada Wrong-doing due to
intoxication
Lie detection - polygraph assessment Sympathetic nervous system activity is triggered when
lying, use multiple channels to assess activity. Can last for hours, use computer to assess target
responses to control responses
Lie detection - polygraph assessment: Reliability Inter-rater reliability of .9 for well trained
raters. In university reserch, accuracy about 88%. Real world accuracy about 60-79%. Not legal
in court for Canada, but police can use it to rule out suspects.
Lie detection - polygraph assessment: 3 types of questions Neutral control questions (public
and factual knowledge - age), High affect control question (have you ever stole something),
Questions about the crime being investigated
Lie detection - polygraph assessment: Guilty Knowledge Test Police hold back critical
information on details of the crime, Give MC question to person (have to answer yes or no)
Lie detection - polygraph assessment: Guilty knowledge test example Did you dum the body
(a) behind the garbage, (b) inside the garage, (c) beside the river, (d) in the ditch beside the gas
station.
Treatment: the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model Most effect model for treating
offenders first emerged in Canada in the 1980s. The goal is to reduce the rate of recidivism
UPDATE 100% VERIFIED
Transtheoretical model of change: precontemplation unaware behavior is an issue, do not
intend to change, or see value in changing
Transtheoretical model of change: Contemplation Recognize problem and have good
intentions for change
Transtheoretical model of change: preparation Getting ready to take action towards change,
may make small steps
Transtheoretical model of change: action Person is engaging in specific, overt actions to
change
Transtheoretical model of change: maintenance Changes have been made, and the person is
struggling less than in the action stage
Transtheoretical model of change: Relapse and lapse Slip up; opportunity to learn from
setbacks
Forensic Psychology area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology
to issues within and related to the justice system
Clinical vs Forensic Psychology: Client The client is the paitent for clinical, and the justice
system/court or insurance agency is the client for forensic psychology.
Clinical vs Forensic Psychology: Presence Clinical psychologists should be supportive and
caring during therapy; forensic psychologists must remain neutral and detached.
,Forensic Psychology: sessions normally see a client for a couple of sessions in a highly
structured, evaluative context. The excpetion would be when the forensic psychologist is
providing treatment.
Tasks of the clinical forensic psychologist Treatment of crime victims, perpetrators, and
workers in the legal field. Consultation and opinions od witnesses, victims, accussed, and the
officers. May be involved in police training, lie detection, and expert witness. Workplace safety.
Child custody, adoption, and parental rights. Professional malpractice.
Issues in assessment in forensic psychology Important to be clear on who is the client,
confidentiality cannot be assured, evaluations conducted for the court may become public
knowledge.
Clinical approach in predicting dangerousness Assessors use psychological tests, clinical
interviews, clinical experiences, and their personal judgements to determine future
dangerousness.
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: questionnaries and formulas These are
compiled from a comparison of the individual's characteristics with known correlations to
future dangerousness
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: Factors age, sex, social class, personality
variables.
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: historical factors history of violence, work
history, mental health history, and criminal history
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: Contextual variables Current social
supports, presence or availability of weapons, current stress levels
Actuarial approach in predicting dangerousness: Clinical variables Mental disorders, drug
and alcohol abuse, overall level of functioning, psychotic symptoms, and psychopathy
,The base rate problem The difficulty in predicting dangerousness because it happens so
infrequently
Assessment methods used by expert forensic psychologists Psychopathy Checklist-Revised
(PCL-R) most commonly used, Static-99 (predicting reoffending), MMPI-2, Neuropsychological
tests (Luria and Halstead-Reitan), WAIS (50% of adolescents on trail), Projective tests
(predicting continued violence and competency for trial).
Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) and Psychopathy Predicts recidivism, violence,
and response to therapy. 20 item scale, maxium 40. Psychologist does record reciew,
information from others who know the person, and the person themself.
MMPI-2 in forensic Assessment Foxtrot profile, streetwise, tough, cynical, antisocial,
extensive criminal histories. Elevations on scales 4, 8, 9, (psychopathic deviance,
schizophrenia/Psychoticism, mania)
Distorted perceptions and cognitions in offenders A sense of entitlement, inability to delay
gratification, confuses wants and needs, ignores the rights of other people, a tendency to act on
impulse/no self-control, no emapthy, cannot manange anger, using violence to achieve goals,
poor problem solving, immature thoughts, inability to consider consequences, egocentric view,
unwilling to accept blame.
Competence to stand trail Abilty to understand the nature and object of the processdings
and assist in defence. Has a mental defect or mental illness that interferes with ability to
understand.
Not competent to stand trial May attempt to restore competency through medication and
psychological treatment and education.
Not competent to stand trial: Florida and texas Have an intensive competency restoration
program, which a person would go through before being executed.
, Diminished capactiy defenses: accepted defence Physician provided medication that
interfered with ability to know right or wrong. Has a disease of the mind/mental conditions that
interferes with ability to understand consequence
Diminished capactiy defenses: no longer a defence in Canada Wrong-doing due to
intoxication
Lie detection - polygraph assessment Sympathetic nervous system activity is triggered when
lying, use multiple channels to assess activity. Can last for hours, use computer to assess target
responses to control responses
Lie detection - polygraph assessment: Reliability Inter-rater reliability of .9 for well trained
raters. In university reserch, accuracy about 88%. Real world accuracy about 60-79%. Not legal
in court for Canada, but police can use it to rule out suspects.
Lie detection - polygraph assessment: 3 types of questions Neutral control questions (public
and factual knowledge - age), High affect control question (have you ever stole something),
Questions about the crime being investigated
Lie detection - polygraph assessment: Guilty Knowledge Test Police hold back critical
information on details of the crime, Give MC question to person (have to answer yes or no)
Lie detection - polygraph assessment: Guilty knowledge test example Did you dum the body
(a) behind the garbage, (b) inside the garage, (c) beside the river, (d) in the ditch beside the gas
station.
Treatment: the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model Most effect model for treating
offenders first emerged in Canada in the 1980s. The goal is to reduce the rate of recidivism
