THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM EXAM
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
what does The hypophyseal portal system do? - ANSWER-carries releasing and
inhibiting hormones to the adrenohyposis (anterior pituitary) to regulate hormone
secretion
what are the 6 major hormones of the anterior pituitary? which are trophic and
nontrophic? - ANSWER-Four are trophic- TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
2 are nontrophic- GH and prolactin
what does trophic and nontrophic mean? - ANSWER-trophic- they regulate the
secretory action of other endocrine glands which will then produce the final hormone
nontrophic- they are the final hormone
What is GH produced by? - ANSWER-somatotropic cells
What does GH do? - ANSWER-stimulates most body cells to grow and divide
what is GH major target? - ANSWER-bones and skeletal muscle
growth hormone is an ______ (building) hormone - ANSWER-anabolic
How is GH secretion regulated? - ANSWER-hypothalamus releases inhbiting and
releasing GH (GHRH, GHIH) to the anterior pituitary
what are the direct actions on metabolism for GH? - ANSWER-(metabolic, anti-
insulin)
-increases fat breakdown and release for use as fuel
-increases blood glucose
-conserves blood glucose levels by decreases in glucose uptake use (called anti-
insulin effect)
what are the indirect actions on metabolism for GH? - ANSWER--GH stimulates the
liver, skeletal muscles and bone to produce IGF's (insulin-like growth factors)
-IGF's stimulate skeletal muscle and bone growth
GH process from stimulation to release to inhibit - ANSWER-1. hypothalamus
stimulates the anterior pituitary to release GH
2. growth hormone has either direct actions (metabolic) or indirect actions (growth
promoting)
3. metabolic actions increase blood glucose and increases fat breakdown and
release
4. growth promoting actions- GH stimulates liver and other tissues to produce IGF's
5. this increases skeletal and cartilage growth, and sometimes even protein
synthesis
, 6. IGF's then inhibit GH synthesis and release (negative feedback)
7. this inhibits GHRH and stimulates GHIH
excess GH in children leads to what? - ANSWER-gigantism (7-8 ft or above)
Roberts Wadlow tallest human 8 ft 11
excess GH in adults leads to what? - ANSWER-acromegaly
-enlarged feet and hands and face
-thickening of soft tissue
-coarse flaccid features
insufficient GH (idiopathic GHD) in children leads to what? - ANSWER-pituitary
dwarfism
-body parts are proportionate
-max height of 4 ft 11
what is disproportionate dwarfism? - ANSWER-person has average sized trunk and
very short limbs
or
person has very short trunk and shortened limbs
head is disproportionately large compared to body
what does insufficient GH (acquired GHD) in adults lead to? - ANSWER-slightly
accelerated aging
muscle and fat loss
psychological changes
what does the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) do? (thyrotropin) - ANSWER-
stimulates development and secretory activity of the thyroid gland
what is the path of TSH - ANSWER-hypothalamus stimulates TRH---> triggers
anterior pituitary to release TSH---> thyroid gland produces TH
What inhibits TSH? - ANSWER-somatostatin and TH
what does adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or corticotrophin do? - ANSWER-
stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones (glucocorticoids)
what is the path of ACTH? - ANSWER-hypothalamus stimulates release of CRH--->
this triggers anterior pituitary to release ACTH---> adrenal cortex releases
corticosteroid hormones
what do corticosteroids do? - ANSWER-help the body resist stressors
What does gonadotropin (FSH and LH) hormone do? - ANSWER-regulate the
function of gonads (ovaries and testes)
absent prior to puberty
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
what does The hypophyseal portal system do? - ANSWER-carries releasing and
inhibiting hormones to the adrenohyposis (anterior pituitary) to regulate hormone
secretion
what are the 6 major hormones of the anterior pituitary? which are trophic and
nontrophic? - ANSWER-Four are trophic- TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
2 are nontrophic- GH and prolactin
what does trophic and nontrophic mean? - ANSWER-trophic- they regulate the
secretory action of other endocrine glands which will then produce the final hormone
nontrophic- they are the final hormone
What is GH produced by? - ANSWER-somatotropic cells
What does GH do? - ANSWER-stimulates most body cells to grow and divide
what is GH major target? - ANSWER-bones and skeletal muscle
growth hormone is an ______ (building) hormone - ANSWER-anabolic
How is GH secretion regulated? - ANSWER-hypothalamus releases inhbiting and
releasing GH (GHRH, GHIH) to the anterior pituitary
what are the direct actions on metabolism for GH? - ANSWER-(metabolic, anti-
insulin)
-increases fat breakdown and release for use as fuel
-increases blood glucose
-conserves blood glucose levels by decreases in glucose uptake use (called anti-
insulin effect)
what are the indirect actions on metabolism for GH? - ANSWER--GH stimulates the
liver, skeletal muscles and bone to produce IGF's (insulin-like growth factors)
-IGF's stimulate skeletal muscle and bone growth
GH process from stimulation to release to inhibit - ANSWER-1. hypothalamus
stimulates the anterior pituitary to release GH
2. growth hormone has either direct actions (metabolic) or indirect actions (growth
promoting)
3. metabolic actions increase blood glucose and increases fat breakdown and
release
4. growth promoting actions- GH stimulates liver and other tissues to produce IGF's
5. this increases skeletal and cartilage growth, and sometimes even protein
synthesis
, 6. IGF's then inhibit GH synthesis and release (negative feedback)
7. this inhibits GHRH and stimulates GHIH
excess GH in children leads to what? - ANSWER-gigantism (7-8 ft or above)
Roberts Wadlow tallest human 8 ft 11
excess GH in adults leads to what? - ANSWER-acromegaly
-enlarged feet and hands and face
-thickening of soft tissue
-coarse flaccid features
insufficient GH (idiopathic GHD) in children leads to what? - ANSWER-pituitary
dwarfism
-body parts are proportionate
-max height of 4 ft 11
what is disproportionate dwarfism? - ANSWER-person has average sized trunk and
very short limbs
or
person has very short trunk and shortened limbs
head is disproportionately large compared to body
what does insufficient GH (acquired GHD) in adults lead to? - ANSWER-slightly
accelerated aging
muscle and fat loss
psychological changes
what does the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) do? (thyrotropin) - ANSWER-
stimulates development and secretory activity of the thyroid gland
what is the path of TSH - ANSWER-hypothalamus stimulates TRH---> triggers
anterior pituitary to release TSH---> thyroid gland produces TH
What inhibits TSH? - ANSWER-somatostatin and TH
what does adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or corticotrophin do? - ANSWER-
stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones (glucocorticoids)
what is the path of ACTH? - ANSWER-hypothalamus stimulates release of CRH--->
this triggers anterior pituitary to release ACTH---> adrenal cortex releases
corticosteroid hormones
what do corticosteroids do? - ANSWER-help the body resist stressors
What does gonadotropin (FSH and LH) hormone do? - ANSWER-regulate the
function of gonads (ovaries and testes)
absent prior to puberty
