Bio 1108 UCONN Final Exam WITH 172
Questions and Answers Rated 100%;
genetic variation -
✅ refers to differences in DNA sequences
_________ are much more variable than humans -
✅ fruit flies
patterns of genetic variation can be described by ____________ -
✅ allele frequencies
What can cause genetic variation? -
✅ a mutation
two types of mutations -
✅ somatic and germ line
mutations can be ___________ -
✅ deleterious, neutral, or advantageous
recombination -
✅ gives new combinations not present in the parent population
allele frequency -
✅ # of copies of an allele / total # of alleles in a population
What is the frequency of a in this population?
50% aa 25 % Aa 25% aa -
✅ 62.5%
,Evolution -
✅ a change in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population over time
How do we measure "change" in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population over time? (3
methods) -
✅ - observable physical traits
- relative size of genes (gel electrophoresis)
- specific genetic code (DNA sequencing)
What is our baseline to compare against when determining if evolutionary change is significant? -
✅ Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model
Conditions of HW Equilibrium (five) -
✅ - no differential survival or reproductive success of individuals
- no migration
- no mutation
- large population size
- no mate choice
Natural Selection leads to __________ , which enhance the fit between an organism and its
environment -
✅ adaptations
Natural selection can be ___________, ____________, or _____________ -
✅ positive, negative, or balancing
natural selection -
✅ the change in an allele's frequency over time based on that particular allele's impact on survival
and reproduction
, Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain traits ____________ ________ ____________
than do individuals without those traits. -
✅ produce more offspring
heterozygote advantage -
✅ case where the fitness of the heterozygote is superior to that of the homozygote
3 kinds of natural selection -
✅ stabilizing selection, directional selection, disruptive selection
stabilizing selection -
✅ selects against both extremes
directional selection -
✅ selects against one of the two extremes
disruptive selection -
✅ selects against the mean
artificial selection -
✅ selection by a breeder rather than by competition
____________, _______________, ____________ __________, and _________________
_____________ are non adaptive mechanisms of evolution -
✅ migration, mutation, genetic drift, non-random mating
small populations have problems with ______ because random events have a disproportionately
heavy impact -
✅ drift
genetic drift -
✅ a random change in allele frequency
Questions and Answers Rated 100%;
genetic variation -
✅ refers to differences in DNA sequences
_________ are much more variable than humans -
✅ fruit flies
patterns of genetic variation can be described by ____________ -
✅ allele frequencies
What can cause genetic variation? -
✅ a mutation
two types of mutations -
✅ somatic and germ line
mutations can be ___________ -
✅ deleterious, neutral, or advantageous
recombination -
✅ gives new combinations not present in the parent population
allele frequency -
✅ # of copies of an allele / total # of alleles in a population
What is the frequency of a in this population?
50% aa 25 % Aa 25% aa -
✅ 62.5%
,Evolution -
✅ a change in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population over time
How do we measure "change" in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population over time? (3
methods) -
✅ - observable physical traits
- relative size of genes (gel electrophoresis)
- specific genetic code (DNA sequencing)
What is our baseline to compare against when determining if evolutionary change is significant? -
✅ Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model
Conditions of HW Equilibrium (five) -
✅ - no differential survival or reproductive success of individuals
- no migration
- no mutation
- large population size
- no mate choice
Natural Selection leads to __________ , which enhance the fit between an organism and its
environment -
✅ adaptations
Natural selection can be ___________, ____________, or _____________ -
✅ positive, negative, or balancing
natural selection -
✅ the change in an allele's frequency over time based on that particular allele's impact on survival
and reproduction
, Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain traits ____________ ________ ____________
than do individuals without those traits. -
✅ produce more offspring
heterozygote advantage -
✅ case where the fitness of the heterozygote is superior to that of the homozygote
3 kinds of natural selection -
✅ stabilizing selection, directional selection, disruptive selection
stabilizing selection -
✅ selects against both extremes
directional selection -
✅ selects against one of the two extremes
disruptive selection -
✅ selects against the mean
artificial selection -
✅ selection by a breeder rather than by competition
____________, _______________, ____________ __________, and _________________
_____________ are non adaptive mechanisms of evolution -
✅ migration, mutation, genetic drift, non-random mating
small populations have problems with ______ because random events have a disproportionately
heavy impact -
✅ drift
genetic drift -
✅ a random change in allele frequency
