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Probability Intro & Discrete Model Cheat Sheet

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A clean, visual breakdown of core probability theory designed for engineering students. This guide covers essential definitions, rules, and examples for events, Bernoulli trials, binomial distributions, permutations, combinations, and more. Includes: - Sample space, events, mutual exclusivity - Independence, conditional probability - Binomial and Poisson distributions - Combinatorics: permutations & combinations - Venn diagram logic and Monte Carlo examples

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1
Trial-action of exercising the Re time Bernoulli Trials outcome 51 03 Ex) Prob
Binary
one -

.
,
Outcome -


Observed result from 1 trial
P(38)
Sample Space -

Set
containing all possible outcomes
Event -

Subset of
outcomes from sample space P(1) =
p + P(0) = 1 -


p =
2
Ex) Prob
Mutually exclusive outcomes
no
Ex) find prob of getting for K
·




indept Trials
incommon
4
-




↳ P(AUB) P(A + B) = =
P(A) + P(B)
. Kane's = 0
, ,
1 2 3
,
4

independent E Prob o
,



P(s) 1 ALB > A+ B A lB > AB F(1) ? outcomes all
=


are
-
= =
·




P(A)10
"0GB
Y

20 P(u) =
·




1000 3
4 outcomes


PRP Prob
that can



Indep .
Events -> not
affected from previous events (coin toss oo 01 give
Prob *
= P 2 [E =
Pq3
(2) &
.




waysanthappen
.




P
= PAB) PAP(B)
p(2i p
=

Check : =
PAB) =
same
for other 3 possibilities a

: total P(1) = 4 Pg3 P(3) =
(j) p3q Ex) full h
(4)p"go
1

(4)p'q4 P(4)
-




Cross Prod IdiffRE combined into I RE 3
kind
=

Space >
-

.




(fixed #trials) Lof Kind
die Whenairde
s
E
rolling &
36 outcomes Binomial Prob Funct, .


2
=
1 -


p
↳ from I die


(4)p"gn
S
1
from
other die
B(n p)
-


k =
Ex)
-




I
Cand Prob -prob that event B know event A
, , 30
.




has occurred
. , occurs
given we
already
P(Bgiven A) P(BIA) P(B1A) P(BA) Puery small , n
very large
-
>
up = const P(diffb-da
Ex)
=
365 !
=
= =
P(A) P(A)
(365-
G
P(BA) = P(B1A) = Binary read incorrectly 10 for 4 GB of data
P(BIA)P(A) 365
2
Odds of 1 errors
0 ?
P(B1 = Poisson Prob Function la
,

SWWt
,
P(BIA)
Exi)
=

A :
.




B =
EW P(BA) P(() t=


np (59)(4x109) 4 estimate how many times
-
=
ev =
=
an
P(A) =
3(t) =
Ex27 If two events are
mutually exclusive ? K Prob P(1) =
(i) pig- -G
O
%
zero bla if A B did not
Ex) of
accused
1000 cell site
Ex3)
users
av
If two events are independent ? e
,
I
Prob of cell tower 5000




-middr
ed effec e
·
4
2
n = 1000 users

to find P(K
Used to Y calls
/day /user
=
.




, = 4000
cand .

prob of event A when event B has
already occurred.
X
calls/day
- =
day
P(AB) = P(AIB) P(B) =
P(BIA) P(A) Os ,
or Is, In

↳ PLAIB) P(BIA)P(A) Os Ir Is Or The Random Variable
mapp
-
=
, ,


P(B)




wo
Ex) given POIOs=PCIrIIs% = 0 8
.
Os
0 9

1-0
.




9
.
or
F(W) =
%6 -> each
map line
S




find P(1s/Ir) : 1- 0 8 = 0 2
.
0 1
.



0 910 9 .
=
0 1
.


/
:
Prob is 16
Is
. .




P([i)
r
=
"G

P(1s(r) = P(Ir/Is)P(is) ↑ (1r) =
P(Ir/1s)iP(1s) + P(Ir(Os) Plos) P(# b(w(25)
P(Ir) =
0 9(0 2). .
+ 0 . 1(0 8) .
= +t
0
902) 0 26
=

=
.


= 0 6 .
.


PlIc-4) = 0



CDF - prob that X v
Permutations (Order Matters) #of ways objects
.




n can be placed in Ex(x) = P(XIX) randomlies
-




a
I slots wo replacement & we to order (n 1)
regard =
Ex) ↳ sided die each SickeP(D)
EA B Ch slots
objects , ,

Prob (where (0)
=
A, B B, A C A x = 0

p
,


=
C A C , B C
,
C
,
B P(1 001) .
= "c



Plvalue f range) = -t =

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