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Probability Intro & Discrete Model Cheat Sheet

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A clean, visual breakdown of core probability theory designed for engineering students. This guide covers essential definitions, rules, and examples for events, Bernoulli trials, binomial distributions, permutations, combinations, and more. Includes: - Sample space, events, mutual exclusivity - Independence, conditional probability - Binomial and Poisson distributions - Combinatorics: permutations & combinations - Venn diagram logic and Monte Carlo examples

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1
Trial-action of exercising the Re time Bernoulli Trials outcome 51 03 Ex) Prob
Binary
one -

.
,
Outcome -


Observed result from 1 trial
P(38)
Sample Space -

Set
containing all possible outcomes
Event -

Subset of
outcomes from sample space P(1) =
p + P(0) = 1 -


p =
2
Ex) Prob
Mutually exclusive outcomes
no
Ex) find prob of getting for K
·




indept Trials
incommon
4
-




↳ P(AUB) P(A + B) = =
P(A) + P(B)
. Kane's = 0
, ,
1 2 3
,
4

independent E Prob o
,



P(s) 1 ALB > A+ B A lB > AB F(1) ? outcomes all
=


are
-
= =
·




P(A)10
"0GB
Y

20 P(u) =
·




1000 3
4 outcomes


PRP Prob
that can



Indep .
Events -> not
affected from previous events (coin toss oo 01 give
Prob *
= P 2 [E =
Pq3
(2) &
.




waysanthappen
.




P
= PAB) PAP(B)
p(2i p
=

Check : =
PAB) =
same
for other 3 possibilities a

: total P(1) = 4 Pg3 P(3) =
(j) p3q Ex) full h
(4)p"go
1

(4)p'q4 P(4)
-




Cross Prod IdiffRE combined into I RE 3
kind
=

Space >
-

.




(fixed #trials) Lof Kind
die Whenairde
s
E
rolling &
36 outcomes Binomial Prob Funct, .


2
=
1 -


p
↳ from I die


(4)p"gn
S
1
from
other die
B(n p)
-


k =
Ex)
-




I
Cand Prob -prob that event B know event A
, , 30
.




has occurred
. , occurs
given we
already
P(Bgiven A) P(BIA) P(B1A) P(BA) Puery small , n
very large
-
>
up = const P(diffb-da
Ex)
=
365 !
=
= =
P(A) P(A)
(365-
G
P(BA) = P(B1A) = Binary read incorrectly 10 for 4 GB of data
P(BIA)P(A) 365
2
Odds of 1 errors
0 ?
P(B1 = Poisson Prob Function la
,

SWWt
,
P(BIA)
Exi)
=

A :
.




B =
EW P(BA) P(() t=


np (59)(4x109) 4 estimate how many times
-
=
ev =
=
an
P(A) =
3(t) =
Ex27 If two events are
mutually exclusive ? K Prob P(1) =
(i) pig- -G
O
%
zero bla if A B did not
Ex) of
accused
1000 cell site
Ex3)
users
av
If two events are independent ? e
,
I
Prob of cell tower 5000




-middr
ed effec e
·
4
2
n = 1000 users

to find P(K
Used to Y calls
/day /user
=
.




, = 4000
cand .

prob of event A when event B has
already occurred.
X
calls/day
- =
day
P(AB) = P(AIB) P(B) =
P(BIA) P(A) Os ,
or Is, In

↳ PLAIB) P(BIA)P(A) Os Ir Is Or The Random Variable
mapp
-
=
, ,


P(B)




wo
Ex) given POIOs=PCIrIIs% = 0 8
.
Os
0 9

1-0
.




9
.
or
F(W) =
%6 -> each
map line
S




find P(1s/Ir) : 1- 0 8 = 0 2
.
0 1
.



0 910 9 .
=
0 1
.


/
:
Prob is 16
Is
. .




P([i)
r
=
"G

P(1s(r) = P(Ir/Is)P(is) ↑ (1r) =
P(Ir/1s)iP(1s) + P(Ir(Os) Plos) P(# b(w(25)
P(Ir) =
0 9(0 2). .
+ 0 . 1(0 8) .
= +t
0
902) 0 26
=

=
.


= 0 6 .
.


PlIc-4) = 0



CDF - prob that X v
Permutations (Order Matters) #of ways objects
.




n can be placed in Ex(x) = P(XIX) randomlies
-




a
I slots wo replacement & we to order (n 1)
regard =
Ex) ↳ sided die each SickeP(D)
EA B Ch slots
objects , ,

Prob (where (0)
=
A, B B, A C A x = 0

p
,


=
C A C , B C
,
C
,
B P(1 001) .
= "c



Plvalue f range) = -t =

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Byte-Sized EE

Welcome to Byte-Sized EE. Your go-to source for high-impact, low-friction study tools for electrical engineering students. Our downloadable PDF cheat sheets break down complex EE topics into clean, visual, and bite-sized formats that are perfect for quick review, exam prep, or everyday reference. I am currently studying electrical engineering and these are my real exam cheat sheets. From digital logic design, VHDL, and state machines to thermodynamics, probability, and circuit analysis, every guide is crafted to help you grasp core concepts faster—with diagrams, formula summaries, and real-world application tips. Whether you’re a first-year student or a senior diving into advanced systems, Byte-Sized EE is here to help you study smarter, not harder.

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