1. Perfusion Delivery of O2 and removal of CO2
- Requires a pump (heart), �uid (blood), and vessels
2. Hypoperfusion inadequate �ow of blood: i.e. SHOCK
3. Hypovolemic shock resulting from blood or �uid loss
shock - can be a result of bleeding, burns, or dehydration
4. Distributive widespread vasodilation
shock - can be caused by SEPSIS
5. Sepsis - Severe infection that has an initial point then spreads throughout bloodstream
- Toxins from infection destroy vessel walls, leading to capillary permeability &
reduced intravascular �uid
6. How to treat sep- POWR: Position (supine), O2, Warmth, Rapid transport
tic shock?
7. Neurogenic loss of control of muscular tone of blood vessels (due to a spinal cord injury &
shock damage to the nervous system)
8. Symptoms of hypotension and bradycardia (only vagus signal bc of sympathetic damage)
neurogenic - usually warm, dry skin below injury (unlike other types of shock)
shock
9. Anaphylactic Severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread vasodilation
shock
10. Anaphylactic - Increased vascular permeability
shock symptoms - Bronchoconstriction
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
11. - linear, depressed, open, basilar
, 4 types of skull
fractures
12. Linear skull frac- A simple crack in the skull
ture - least deadly
- most common
- usually perpendicular to suture in skull
13. Depressed skull Inward indentation of the skull with possible pressure on brain
fracture - Usually caused from direct trauma to skull (I.e. baseball bat to head)
- Will feel abnormal
14. Open skull frac- a skull fracture with an associated open wound to the overlying scalp
ture - pierced brain cavity
- worst injury, most deadly
15. Basilar skull frac- - Fracture at the base of the skull
ture - leak in cranial vault (usually occurs at high speeds)
16. Symptoms of - Raccoon eyes (bruises around/underneath)
basilar skull frac- - Battle's sign: red circular bruises behind ears
ture (& when will - Symptoms will usually show up a day after major trauma (takes a while for blood
they show up) to pool causing symptoms)
17. TBI Traumatic brain injury: injury capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotion-
al, social, vocation changes
18. Primary TBI Immediate injury from bruising or penetrating objects
19. Secondary TBI Injury resulting from hypoxia (lack of perfusion) in the brain
20. Epidural - hematoma (bleeding) located superior to the dura mater
hematoma - results from direct trauma to brain
- Requires a pump (heart), �uid (blood), and vessels
2. Hypoperfusion inadequate �ow of blood: i.e. SHOCK
3. Hypovolemic shock resulting from blood or �uid loss
shock - can be a result of bleeding, burns, or dehydration
4. Distributive widespread vasodilation
shock - can be caused by SEPSIS
5. Sepsis - Severe infection that has an initial point then spreads throughout bloodstream
- Toxins from infection destroy vessel walls, leading to capillary permeability &
reduced intravascular �uid
6. How to treat sep- POWR: Position (supine), O2, Warmth, Rapid transport
tic shock?
7. Neurogenic loss of control of muscular tone of blood vessels (due to a spinal cord injury &
shock damage to the nervous system)
8. Symptoms of hypotension and bradycardia (only vagus signal bc of sympathetic damage)
neurogenic - usually warm, dry skin below injury (unlike other types of shock)
shock
9. Anaphylactic Severe allergic reaction that leads to widespread vasodilation
shock
10. Anaphylactic - Increased vascular permeability
shock symptoms - Bronchoconstriction
- Stridor
- Hives, edema, itching
11. - linear, depressed, open, basilar
, 4 types of skull
fractures
12. Linear skull frac- A simple crack in the skull
ture - least deadly
- most common
- usually perpendicular to suture in skull
13. Depressed skull Inward indentation of the skull with possible pressure on brain
fracture - Usually caused from direct trauma to skull (I.e. baseball bat to head)
- Will feel abnormal
14. Open skull frac- a skull fracture with an associated open wound to the overlying scalp
ture - pierced brain cavity
- worst injury, most deadly
15. Basilar skull frac- - Fracture at the base of the skull
ture - leak in cranial vault (usually occurs at high speeds)
16. Symptoms of - Raccoon eyes (bruises around/underneath)
basilar skull frac- - Battle's sign: red circular bruises behind ears
ture (& when will - Symptoms will usually show up a day after major trauma (takes a while for blood
they show up) to pool causing symptoms)
17. TBI Traumatic brain injury: injury capable of producing physical, intellectual, emotion-
al, social, vocation changes
18. Primary TBI Immediate injury from bruising or penetrating objects
19. Secondary TBI Injury resulting from hypoxia (lack of perfusion) in the brain
20. Epidural - hematoma (bleeding) located superior to the dura mater
hematoma - results from direct trauma to brain
