Human Biology Exam 1 Questions with
Complete Answers
Lipids - ANSWER-cell membrane structure + hormones + protection/insulation +
store and supply energy
Lipids - ANSWER-Various molecular structures but all are partly or totally
hydrophobic (insoluble in water)
Fats (triglycerides) - ANSWER-glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Saturated - ANSWER-maximum number of H atoms due to all single bonds; are
solid at room T
Unsaturated - ANSWER-fewer than maximum number of H atoms due to one or
more double bonds; usually liquid at room T
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) - ANSWER-2 you must eat
Alpha linolenic (ALA)- an omega-3
Linoleic- an omega-6
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids - ANSWER-The first double bond is either 3 or 6
carbons up from the end of the fatty acid molecule
A healthy intake ratio is 2:1 omega 6: omega 3; most Americans 10:1
Trans fats - ANSWER-hydrogens are on the opposite side of the double bond;
increase cardiovascular disease risk
phospholipids - ANSWER-glycerol and 2 fatty acids (nonpolar) + phosphate group
(polar)
amphipathic - ANSWER-(hydrophobic + hydrophilic parts)
phospholipids - ANSWER-Spontaneously organize in body fluids to make the fabric
of the cell membrane!
Steroids - ANSWER-Are NOT formed by dehydration synthesis
Are formed from 4 carbon ring structures
Example is cholesterol- component of cell membrane + precursor to steroid
hormones
Proteins - ANSWER-cell membrane (channels and receptors) + enzymes +
hormones + supply energy
Amino acids - ANSWER-21
Vary only in their side chain
Can be polar or nonpolar; affect protein shape
, Essential amino acids (9) must be eaten
Protiens - ANSWER-form by dehydration synthesis of amino acids
Final Shape is specific (Protiens) - ANSWER-depends on interactions among the "R"
groups ( +, - or uncharged) of the linked amino acids
How many different levels of protien structure - ANSWER-4
catalysts - ANSWER-speed reactions without being used up in the process
Enzymes - ANSWER-Are Catalysts
Substrate - ANSWER-Active site joins with _____?
Temperature and pH - ANSWER-Enzymes are very sensitive to _____
Nucleic acids - ANSWER-self-replicate + make cell proteins + provide energy
nucleotide - ANSWER-monomer- 3 parts
Sugar- ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA)
Phosphate
Nitrogenous base- adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) + uracil (U; in RNA only) or
thymine (T; in DNA only)
RNA/ DNA - ANSWER-2 types of nucleic acids made by dehydration sythesis
RNA - ANSWER-One strand of linked nucleotides (A,G, C, U)
Have ribose sugar
DNA - ANSWER-Double strand of linked nucleotides (A, G, C, T); strands linked by
hydrogen bonds
Have deoxyribose sugar
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - ANSWER-a specialized nucleotide
Ribose + adenine (A) + 3 phosphate groups
Energy currency of the cell
Breaking the terminal bond releases energy
Metabolism of food provides energy to remake ATP (stay tuned!)
Cell Theory - ANSWER-Cells are the smallest unit of life
All living things consist of one or more cells
New cells come from other cells
Plasma membrane/ Mosaic Structure - ANSWER-All cells have ___ with ____
Fluid Mosaic - ANSWER-Constantly in motion
Always moving and changing
"colors" = protiens
Complete Answers
Lipids - ANSWER-cell membrane structure + hormones + protection/insulation +
store and supply energy
Lipids - ANSWER-Various molecular structures but all are partly or totally
hydrophobic (insoluble in water)
Fats (triglycerides) - ANSWER-glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Saturated - ANSWER-maximum number of H atoms due to all single bonds; are
solid at room T
Unsaturated - ANSWER-fewer than maximum number of H atoms due to one or
more double bonds; usually liquid at room T
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) - ANSWER-2 you must eat
Alpha linolenic (ALA)- an omega-3
Linoleic- an omega-6
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids - ANSWER-The first double bond is either 3 or 6
carbons up from the end of the fatty acid molecule
A healthy intake ratio is 2:1 omega 6: omega 3; most Americans 10:1
Trans fats - ANSWER-hydrogens are on the opposite side of the double bond;
increase cardiovascular disease risk
phospholipids - ANSWER-glycerol and 2 fatty acids (nonpolar) + phosphate group
(polar)
amphipathic - ANSWER-(hydrophobic + hydrophilic parts)
phospholipids - ANSWER-Spontaneously organize in body fluids to make the fabric
of the cell membrane!
Steroids - ANSWER-Are NOT formed by dehydration synthesis
Are formed from 4 carbon ring structures
Example is cholesterol- component of cell membrane + precursor to steroid
hormones
Proteins - ANSWER-cell membrane (channels and receptors) + enzymes +
hormones + supply energy
Amino acids - ANSWER-21
Vary only in their side chain
Can be polar or nonpolar; affect protein shape
, Essential amino acids (9) must be eaten
Protiens - ANSWER-form by dehydration synthesis of amino acids
Final Shape is specific (Protiens) - ANSWER-depends on interactions among the "R"
groups ( +, - or uncharged) of the linked amino acids
How many different levels of protien structure - ANSWER-4
catalysts - ANSWER-speed reactions without being used up in the process
Enzymes - ANSWER-Are Catalysts
Substrate - ANSWER-Active site joins with _____?
Temperature and pH - ANSWER-Enzymes are very sensitive to _____
Nucleic acids - ANSWER-self-replicate + make cell proteins + provide energy
nucleotide - ANSWER-monomer- 3 parts
Sugar- ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA)
Phosphate
Nitrogenous base- adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) + uracil (U; in RNA only) or
thymine (T; in DNA only)
RNA/ DNA - ANSWER-2 types of nucleic acids made by dehydration sythesis
RNA - ANSWER-One strand of linked nucleotides (A,G, C, U)
Have ribose sugar
DNA - ANSWER-Double strand of linked nucleotides (A, G, C, T); strands linked by
hydrogen bonds
Have deoxyribose sugar
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - ANSWER-a specialized nucleotide
Ribose + adenine (A) + 3 phosphate groups
Energy currency of the cell
Breaking the terminal bond releases energy
Metabolism of food provides energy to remake ATP (stay tuned!)
Cell Theory - ANSWER-Cells are the smallest unit of life
All living things consist of one or more cells
New cells come from other cells
Plasma membrane/ Mosaic Structure - ANSWER-All cells have ___ with ____
Fluid Mosaic - ANSWER-Constantly in motion
Always moving and changing
"colors" = protiens
