Human Biology Exam 1 Chapters 1-6
Questions and Answers
what are the characteristics of the nucleus? - ANSWER-contain genetic material
DNA
nucleolus-produce ribosome parts, RNA
what are the characteristics of the ribosome, ER and Rough ER, Golgi? - ANSWER-
ribosomes-proteins are made here
ER- produces lipid bilayer, membrane
rough ER- has ribosomes attached, makes proteins for membrane
golgi - packaging plant for cell, sorts
what does cellular transportation do? - ANSWER-moving things in and out of the cell
what are the 6 different types of cellular transportation? - ANSWER-simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
filtration
pumps
endocytosis/exocytosis
what is simple diffusion? - ANSWER-passive movement with no energy from higher
concentration to lower (i.e. reed diffusers, perfume)
what is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER-passive movement with no energy of
typically large items across membrane with help of protein molecule, down
concentration gradient
what is osmosis? - ANSWER-passive movement with no energy from higher
SOLVENT concentration to lover SOLVENT (i.e. salt water)- water follows salt
what is filtration? - ANSWER-passive movement with no energy, small particles fit
through protein pores (i.e. Brita filter)
what is a pump? - ANSWER-active movement that requires ATP, exchange of
material to allow entry
what is endocytosis/exocytosis? - ANSWER-active movement requires ATP either
engulfing object or encapsulating materials and pushing them out the the cell
membrane
, what are the four types of tissues? - ANSWER-epithelia
connective
nervous
muscle
what are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? - ANSWER-free surface
basement membrane
covers and lines
(i.e. gland)
what are the characteristics of connective tissue? - ANSWER-many forms and
functions
m/c tissue in body
connects things
(cartilage, bone, and blood)
what are the characteristics of nervous tissue? - ANSWER-sends signals
composed mainly of cells
found in brain, spinal cord, nerves
think about electrical wiring
what are the characteristics of muscle tissue? - ANSWER-contraction
voluntary conscious control
involuntary unconscious control
what does a muscle do? - ANSWER-contract
what are the three types of muscles? - ANSWER-skeletal
cardiac
smooth
where are these three types of muscles located? - ANSWER-skeletal-muscles
attached to the skeleton
cardiac-ONLY found in the heart
smooth-hollow organs, stomach etc
what do these three types of muscles do? - ANSWER-skeletal-consciously control
what you do
cardiac- contract to pump blood
smooth-supports the tissue in your blood vessels, hollow organs etc
what is homeostasis? - ANSWER-the physiological process that monitors and
maintains a stable internal environment or equilibrium
what is negative feedback loop? - ANSWER-if the feedback opposed the stimulus
what is positive feedback? - ANSWER-encourages a physiological process or
amplifies the action of a system
Questions and Answers
what are the characteristics of the nucleus? - ANSWER-contain genetic material
DNA
nucleolus-produce ribosome parts, RNA
what are the characteristics of the ribosome, ER and Rough ER, Golgi? - ANSWER-
ribosomes-proteins are made here
ER- produces lipid bilayer, membrane
rough ER- has ribosomes attached, makes proteins for membrane
golgi - packaging plant for cell, sorts
what does cellular transportation do? - ANSWER-moving things in and out of the cell
what are the 6 different types of cellular transportation? - ANSWER-simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
filtration
pumps
endocytosis/exocytosis
what is simple diffusion? - ANSWER-passive movement with no energy from higher
concentration to lower (i.e. reed diffusers, perfume)
what is facilitated diffusion? - ANSWER-passive movement with no energy of
typically large items across membrane with help of protein molecule, down
concentration gradient
what is osmosis? - ANSWER-passive movement with no energy from higher
SOLVENT concentration to lover SOLVENT (i.e. salt water)- water follows salt
what is filtration? - ANSWER-passive movement with no energy, small particles fit
through protein pores (i.e. Brita filter)
what is a pump? - ANSWER-active movement that requires ATP, exchange of
material to allow entry
what is endocytosis/exocytosis? - ANSWER-active movement requires ATP either
engulfing object or encapsulating materials and pushing them out the the cell
membrane
, what are the four types of tissues? - ANSWER-epithelia
connective
nervous
muscle
what are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? - ANSWER-free surface
basement membrane
covers and lines
(i.e. gland)
what are the characteristics of connective tissue? - ANSWER-many forms and
functions
m/c tissue in body
connects things
(cartilage, bone, and blood)
what are the characteristics of nervous tissue? - ANSWER-sends signals
composed mainly of cells
found in brain, spinal cord, nerves
think about electrical wiring
what are the characteristics of muscle tissue? - ANSWER-contraction
voluntary conscious control
involuntary unconscious control
what does a muscle do? - ANSWER-contract
what are the three types of muscles? - ANSWER-skeletal
cardiac
smooth
where are these three types of muscles located? - ANSWER-skeletal-muscles
attached to the skeleton
cardiac-ONLY found in the heart
smooth-hollow organs, stomach etc
what do these three types of muscles do? - ANSWER-skeletal-consciously control
what you do
cardiac- contract to pump blood
smooth-supports the tissue in your blood vessels, hollow organs etc
what is homeostasis? - ANSWER-the physiological process that monitors and
maintains a stable internal environment or equilibrium
what is negative feedback loop? - ANSWER-if the feedback opposed the stimulus
what is positive feedback? - ANSWER-encourages a physiological process or
amplifies the action of a system
