NS 4410 Pre- And Post-Class Questions Prelim
2 Exam Study Set
Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication used to reduce clotting by interfering with the
recycling of vitamin K in the body. Which of the following is CORRECT about warfarin
and vitamin K?
- Warfarin binds to and inhibits the VKORC1 protein in the vitamin K recycling pathway.
- Warfarin decreases transcription of the VKORC1 gene to reduce blood clotting.
- Inhibiting the VKORC1 protein leads to an increase in blood clotting.
- Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin that prevents blood clotting. - ANSWER Warfarin
binds to and inhibits the VKORC1 protein in the vitamin K recycling pathway.
All the following are correct about epigenetics, EXCEPT:
- Epigenetic tags are not passed from one generation to the next (not heritable).
- Epigenetic tags do not alter the DNA sequence.
- Epigenetic tags tell genes when to "turn on" and "turn off" i.e. when to be transcribed.
- Unlike the genome which remains unchanged throughout life, the epigenome is
dynamic and can change.
- DNA methylation and histone modification are two epigenetic modifcations. - ANSWER
Epigenetic tags are not passed from one generation to the next (not heritable).
Nutrigenetics involves changes in SNPs. Which of the following are CORRECT about
SNPs. Choose ALL that are correct.
- To be a SNP, a single nucleotide change needs to be present in at least 1% of the
population
- SNPs can alter how one responds to diseases or medications
- SNPs are not transmitted to offspring
- All SNPs result in changes in phenotype
- SNPs are always due to deletions of single nucleotides
- SNPs are single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SNPs are variations in a single base pair of DNA - ANSWER To be a SNP, a single
,nucleotide change needs to be present in at least 1% of the population
SNPs can alter how one responds to diseases or medications
SNPs are single nucleotide polymorphisms
SNPs are variations in a single base pair of DNA
Which of the following is most correct about "Precision Nutrition"?
- Involves using genetic information to develop diets for the population.
- Refers to the use of direct-to-consumer genetic blood tests for people to personalize
their own diets at home.
- Aspires to prevent chronic disease and improve health by individualizing diet
recommendations based on biological, genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors.
- We have enough consistent evidence to use genetic testing and microbiome data to
make specific dietary recommendations to individual patients. - ANSWER Aspires to
prevent chronic disease and improve health by individualizing diet recommendations
based on biological, genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors.
Match the following terms and definitions:
Nutritional epigenetics
Genetics
Nutrigenetics
Exposome
Nutrigenomics
Metabolomics
Proteomics
- The study of the different phenotypic responses to a specific diet depending on the
genotype of individuals.
- Interaction between dietary components and the genome and the resulting changes in
proteins and other metabolites that affect gene expression.
- collection of environmental factors, including diet, that can impact an individual's
health
- The influence of diet on changes in gene expression without changing the DNA
sequence.
- The study of protein expression and function.
,- The study of metabolites found within cells, tissues, and biologic samples.
- The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. - ANSWER
Nutrigenetics
The study of the different phenotypic responses to a specific diet depending on the
genotype of individuals.
Nutrigenomics
Interaction between dietary components and the genome and the resulting changes in
proteins and other metabolites that affect gene expression.
Exposome
collection of environmental factors, including diet, that can impact an individual's health
Nutritional epigenetics
The influence of diet on changes in gene expression without changing the DNA
sequence.
Proteomics
The study of protein expression and function.
Metabolomics
The study of metabolites found within cells, tissues, and biologic samples.
Genetics
The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Lou's grand-daughter gave him the 23andMe genotype testing kit for his birthday. His
results indicate that he has two alleles of the MTHFR 677 C>T SNP. These results
suggest all of the following EXCEPT
- All of the above are correct.
- He likely has an increased risk of CVD.
- He likely has an elevated level of homocysteine.
- He has an increased risk for megaloblastic macrocytic anemia.
- He may require a higher intake of dietary folate to meet his nutrient needs. - ANSWER
He has an increased risk for megaloblastic macrocytic anemia.
, Which of the following will result in an increased inflammatory response?
Increased Omega 3 FA Consumption
Decreased Conversion of NFkB to its active form
Stimuli such as a Bacterial Infection
Increased Conversion of NFkB to its active form
- 1 and 4
- 2 and 3
- 3 and 4
- 1 and 3 - ANSWER 3 and 4
Which ethnic group has the highest need for folate based on the prevalence of the
MTHFR 677C>T SNP?
- Non-Hispanic Whites
- Non-Hispanic Blacks
- Mexican Americans
- Asian Americans - ANSWER Mexican Americans
True or False: Someone who has the VKORC1 loss of function SNP would be less
sensitive to warfarin (would need more warfarin). - ANSWER False
All the following nutrients can act as methyl donors and increase DNA methylation,
EXCEPT
- Methionine
- Choline
2 Exam Study Set
Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication used to reduce clotting by interfering with the
recycling of vitamin K in the body. Which of the following is CORRECT about warfarin
and vitamin K?
- Warfarin binds to and inhibits the VKORC1 protein in the vitamin K recycling pathway.
- Warfarin decreases transcription of the VKORC1 gene to reduce blood clotting.
- Inhibiting the VKORC1 protein leads to an increase in blood clotting.
- Vitamin K is a fat soluble vitamin that prevents blood clotting. - ANSWER Warfarin
binds to and inhibits the VKORC1 protein in the vitamin K recycling pathway.
All the following are correct about epigenetics, EXCEPT:
- Epigenetic tags are not passed from one generation to the next (not heritable).
- Epigenetic tags do not alter the DNA sequence.
- Epigenetic tags tell genes when to "turn on" and "turn off" i.e. when to be transcribed.
- Unlike the genome which remains unchanged throughout life, the epigenome is
dynamic and can change.
- DNA methylation and histone modification are two epigenetic modifcations. - ANSWER
Epigenetic tags are not passed from one generation to the next (not heritable).
Nutrigenetics involves changes in SNPs. Which of the following are CORRECT about
SNPs. Choose ALL that are correct.
- To be a SNP, a single nucleotide change needs to be present in at least 1% of the
population
- SNPs can alter how one responds to diseases or medications
- SNPs are not transmitted to offspring
- All SNPs result in changes in phenotype
- SNPs are always due to deletions of single nucleotides
- SNPs are single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SNPs are variations in a single base pair of DNA - ANSWER To be a SNP, a single
,nucleotide change needs to be present in at least 1% of the population
SNPs can alter how one responds to diseases or medications
SNPs are single nucleotide polymorphisms
SNPs are variations in a single base pair of DNA
Which of the following is most correct about "Precision Nutrition"?
- Involves using genetic information to develop diets for the population.
- Refers to the use of direct-to-consumer genetic blood tests for people to personalize
their own diets at home.
- Aspires to prevent chronic disease and improve health by individualizing diet
recommendations based on biological, genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors.
- We have enough consistent evidence to use genetic testing and microbiome data to
make specific dietary recommendations to individual patients. - ANSWER Aspires to
prevent chronic disease and improve health by individualizing diet recommendations
based on biological, genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors.
Match the following terms and definitions:
Nutritional epigenetics
Genetics
Nutrigenetics
Exposome
Nutrigenomics
Metabolomics
Proteomics
- The study of the different phenotypic responses to a specific diet depending on the
genotype of individuals.
- Interaction between dietary components and the genome and the resulting changes in
proteins and other metabolites that affect gene expression.
- collection of environmental factors, including diet, that can impact an individual's
health
- The influence of diet on changes in gene expression without changing the DNA
sequence.
- The study of protein expression and function.
,- The study of metabolites found within cells, tissues, and biologic samples.
- The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. - ANSWER
Nutrigenetics
The study of the different phenotypic responses to a specific diet depending on the
genotype of individuals.
Nutrigenomics
Interaction between dietary components and the genome and the resulting changes in
proteins and other metabolites that affect gene expression.
Exposome
collection of environmental factors, including diet, that can impact an individual's health
Nutritional epigenetics
The influence of diet on changes in gene expression without changing the DNA
sequence.
Proteomics
The study of protein expression and function.
Metabolomics
The study of metabolites found within cells, tissues, and biologic samples.
Genetics
The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Lou's grand-daughter gave him the 23andMe genotype testing kit for his birthday. His
results indicate that he has two alleles of the MTHFR 677 C>T SNP. These results
suggest all of the following EXCEPT
- All of the above are correct.
- He likely has an increased risk of CVD.
- He likely has an elevated level of homocysteine.
- He has an increased risk for megaloblastic macrocytic anemia.
- He may require a higher intake of dietary folate to meet his nutrient needs. - ANSWER
He has an increased risk for megaloblastic macrocytic anemia.
, Which of the following will result in an increased inflammatory response?
Increased Omega 3 FA Consumption
Decreased Conversion of NFkB to its active form
Stimuli such as a Bacterial Infection
Increased Conversion of NFkB to its active form
- 1 and 4
- 2 and 3
- 3 and 4
- 1 and 3 - ANSWER 3 and 4
Which ethnic group has the highest need for folate based on the prevalence of the
MTHFR 677C>T SNP?
- Non-Hispanic Whites
- Non-Hispanic Blacks
- Mexican Americans
- Asian Americans - ANSWER Mexican Americans
True or False: Someone who has the VKORC1 loss of function SNP would be less
sensitive to warfarin (would need more warfarin). - ANSWER False
All the following nutrients can act as methyl donors and increase DNA methylation,
EXCEPT
- Methionine
- Choline
