ETHICS IN AMERICA DSST 2025
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Terms in this set (61)
The academic discipline of analyzing morality,
Ethics
based on reasoning, rules and logic.
Cosmogony The study of the origin of the universe.
A pre-Socratic philosopher, mathematician and
cosmologist who wrote nothing himself, but is
Pythagoras
historically thought to have believed in the magic of
numbers and reincarnation.
A group of traveling teachers from the fifth century
BC who were paid to lecture on a variety of topics.
Sophists They can be considered the first relativists, and
gained a reputation for being untrustworthy thanks
to their reliance on persuasion over truth.
The belief that every point of view and standard of
Relativism
behavior is equally valid.
A Greek historian who wrote The History of the
Peloponnesian War, which presented a mixture of
Thucydides facts and fact-based fictionalization. In it he raises
questions of the ethics of war. He equated freedom
with happiness and courage.
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One of the most famous thinkers of all time, not for
his beliefs, but his dialectic method of teaching. He
never wrote anything himself, but was memorialized
Socrates in the works of his student, Plato. For him, virtue and
knowledge were the same, and all wickedness
stemmed from ignorance. The Athenian government
saw him as a threat and had him executed.
Also known as the Socratic Method, a method of
argument in which one person asks the other
Dialectic
questions to try to get them to realize their own
answers or the flaws in their argument.
Plato Founder of the Academy and writer of the Republic.
An extended metaphor created by Plato. It
describes a group of prisoners in a cave, chained so
their backs are to the entrance. They believe that the
Allegory of the Cave shadows (sensed reality) before them are reality,
until someone manages to get free, turn around and
see the source of the shadows (the real world,
which can only be experienced intellectually).
A philosopher and Plato's student who concentrated
on empirical knowledge. He believed that change is
Aristotle necessary and natural, and everything has a
purpose. He wrote Nicomachean Ethics, and that
balance was the key to happiness.
Followers of Zeno, Greeks who believed that
absolute laws and destiny ruled the universe, and
Stoics that since humans could not change fate, they were
happiest when they simply accepted it and lived
with self-control.
Also known as Epicureans after their original
teacher, these believed that happiness was the
Hedonists
purpose of life, and anything that reduced pain and
increased happiness was therefore good.
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