Week 2 Consequences of Industrialization Unit 6 | 1750-1900 CE
Unit 6, Topic 2
Setting the Stage
● Shifting Geographical Focus
○ 1450-1750: Americas, Asia and Southeast Asia
○ 1750-1900: Africa, Asia, Southeast Asia
● Change in Imperial States
○ 1450-1750: Spain, Portugal
○ 1750-1900: Spain & Portugal (Declining); CONT. Great
Britain, France, Dutch; NEW Germany, Italy, Belgium,
United States, Japan
● Great Britain needed access to resources after losing American
colonies
○ Expanded influence in Australia, South Asia, India,
Southeast Asia
● France wanted to rebuild prestige after losing the Franco-Prussian
War
○ Algeria, Senegal, South Pacific Islands, Indochina
(Southeast Asia)
● Italy and Germany—New nations aspiring to prestige and
economic power
○ Colonies were seen as a status symbol
● Spain was a declining nation, wanted few holdings
Japanese Imperialism
● Used national pride to defend growing into Korea
● Upset China; Had influence in Korean peninsula and Taiwan
● Further weakened China
● Increased Japan’s role as the major industrial power in Asia
Russo-Japanese War ● Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
(1904-1905): Fought over rival ● Japan became the major industrial power in Asia; needed colonies
ambitions in Korea and for raw materials
Manchuria, this conflict ended in a ● Japan was isolated and had little arable farm land
Japanese victory, establishing ● Population pressures led to many working seasonally in Hawaii
Japan as a formidable military and Guam
competitor in East Asia. The war ● Colonization Society (1893) tried to colonize Mexico and Latin
marked the first time that an Asian America; create ports in China, Korea, Southeast Asia, and the
country defeated a European Pacific Islands
power in battle, and it precipitated
the Russian Revolution of 1905. Imperialism in Africa
● Europe had long relationship with Africa, even after the end of
slavery
○ Exports to Africa: Guns, alcohol, manufactured goods
○ Imports from Africa: Palm oil, gold, ivory, diamonds
● Shift from Trading Posts
○ Medicines like quinine reduced dangers of diseases
(malaria) for Europeans
○ Advanced military technology made conquest of Africans
much easier
● British Control of Egypt
○ Britain seized control of Egypt to secure construction of
the Suez Canal
■ Reduced travel time from West Europe to Asia
by half
, Week 2 Consequences of Industrialization Unit 6 | 1750-1900 CE
■ Built by core laborers: 1.5 million
Egyptians—forced labor
■ Thousands of people died
■ Through loose control over Egypt for the canal
Cultural Ideologies
● Imperialists believed they were culturally superior
○ Combined many local cultures into one colony; Ignored
traditional conflicts
○ Introduced language, political, religious, and education
institutions in colonized areas
○ Exerted cultural influences on architecture and recreation
○
Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State
● Boer Wars in South Africa
○ Dutch colonized South Africa; Displaced by British
during the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)
○ Afrikaners/Boers (Dutch descendants) clashed with
British over land
Boer Wars: Brutal conflict ■ Boer Wars
Congo Free State: A private ■ British pushed indigenous peoples and
colony ruled personally by Afrikaners from lands; Forced many into camps
Leopold II, king of Belgium; It ■ 15,000-100,000 indigenous people died in the
was the site of widespread forced camps
labor and killing to ensure the ○ British absorbed South Africa into their empire
collection of wild rubber; By 1908 ○ Millions of Afrikaner and Black African farmers relegated
these abuses led to reforms that to poor farming land
transferred control to the Belgian ● Belgians in the Congo
government ○ Congo Free State
Cultivation system: System of ○ Government resisted; Leopold funded an invasion and
forced labor used in the colonized Congo
Netherlands East Indies in the ○ Leopold personally benefited (roughly $1.1 billion)
nineteenth century; Peasants were ■ Ivory and rubber
required to cultivate at least 20 ■ Brutal working conditions for Africans
percent of their land in cash crops, ■ People beaten and killed, or terrorized into
such as sugar or coffee, for sale at submission
low and fixed prices to ○ Workers forced to work; Spouses held captive
government contractors, who then ○ As many as 8 million Africans died under Leopold
earned enormous profits from ○ 1907: Belgian government took away Leopold’s control
resale of the crops. of the colony.
○ Cultivation system
● Private control to state control
Diplomacy and Warfare
Diplomacy: The act of making ● Diplomacy
political agreements by means of ● French drove Ottomans out of Algeria (1930)
dialogue and negotiation, not ○ Became a settler colony (somewhere people move to)
warfare ● “Scramble for Africa”
“Scramble for Africa:” The ○ Contributed to second wave of imperialism
process by which European ○ Berlin conference (1884-1885)
countries partitioned the continent ■ Called for orderly colonization of Africa
of Africa among themselves in the ■ Africans invited (but had little power or voice)
period 1875-1900. ■ Established arbitrary colonial
Unit 6, Topic 2
Setting the Stage
● Shifting Geographical Focus
○ 1450-1750: Americas, Asia and Southeast Asia
○ 1750-1900: Africa, Asia, Southeast Asia
● Change in Imperial States
○ 1450-1750: Spain, Portugal
○ 1750-1900: Spain & Portugal (Declining); CONT. Great
Britain, France, Dutch; NEW Germany, Italy, Belgium,
United States, Japan
● Great Britain needed access to resources after losing American
colonies
○ Expanded influence in Australia, South Asia, India,
Southeast Asia
● France wanted to rebuild prestige after losing the Franco-Prussian
War
○ Algeria, Senegal, South Pacific Islands, Indochina
(Southeast Asia)
● Italy and Germany—New nations aspiring to prestige and
economic power
○ Colonies were seen as a status symbol
● Spain was a declining nation, wanted few holdings
Japanese Imperialism
● Used national pride to defend growing into Korea
● Upset China; Had influence in Korean peninsula and Taiwan
● Further weakened China
● Increased Japan’s role as the major industrial power in Asia
Russo-Japanese War ● Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
(1904-1905): Fought over rival ● Japan became the major industrial power in Asia; needed colonies
ambitions in Korea and for raw materials
Manchuria, this conflict ended in a ● Japan was isolated and had little arable farm land
Japanese victory, establishing ● Population pressures led to many working seasonally in Hawaii
Japan as a formidable military and Guam
competitor in East Asia. The war ● Colonization Society (1893) tried to colonize Mexico and Latin
marked the first time that an Asian America; create ports in China, Korea, Southeast Asia, and the
country defeated a European Pacific Islands
power in battle, and it precipitated
the Russian Revolution of 1905. Imperialism in Africa
● Europe had long relationship with Africa, even after the end of
slavery
○ Exports to Africa: Guns, alcohol, manufactured goods
○ Imports from Africa: Palm oil, gold, ivory, diamonds
● Shift from Trading Posts
○ Medicines like quinine reduced dangers of diseases
(malaria) for Europeans
○ Advanced military technology made conquest of Africans
much easier
● British Control of Egypt
○ Britain seized control of Egypt to secure construction of
the Suez Canal
■ Reduced travel time from West Europe to Asia
by half
, Week 2 Consequences of Industrialization Unit 6 | 1750-1900 CE
■ Built by core laborers: 1.5 million
Egyptians—forced labor
■ Thousands of people died
■ Through loose control over Egypt for the canal
Cultural Ideologies
● Imperialists believed they were culturally superior
○ Combined many local cultures into one colony; Ignored
traditional conflicts
○ Introduced language, political, religious, and education
institutions in colonized areas
○ Exerted cultural influences on architecture and recreation
○
Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State
● Boer Wars in South Africa
○ Dutch colonized South Africa; Displaced by British
during the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)
○ Afrikaners/Boers (Dutch descendants) clashed with
British over land
Boer Wars: Brutal conflict ■ Boer Wars
Congo Free State: A private ■ British pushed indigenous peoples and
colony ruled personally by Afrikaners from lands; Forced many into camps
Leopold II, king of Belgium; It ■ 15,000-100,000 indigenous people died in the
was the site of widespread forced camps
labor and killing to ensure the ○ British absorbed South Africa into their empire
collection of wild rubber; By 1908 ○ Millions of Afrikaner and Black African farmers relegated
these abuses led to reforms that to poor farming land
transferred control to the Belgian ● Belgians in the Congo
government ○ Congo Free State
Cultivation system: System of ○ Government resisted; Leopold funded an invasion and
forced labor used in the colonized Congo
Netherlands East Indies in the ○ Leopold personally benefited (roughly $1.1 billion)
nineteenth century; Peasants were ■ Ivory and rubber
required to cultivate at least 20 ■ Brutal working conditions for Africans
percent of their land in cash crops, ■ People beaten and killed, or terrorized into
such as sugar or coffee, for sale at submission
low and fixed prices to ○ Workers forced to work; Spouses held captive
government contractors, who then ○ As many as 8 million Africans died under Leopold
earned enormous profits from ○ 1907: Belgian government took away Leopold’s control
resale of the crops. of the colony.
○ Cultivation system
● Private control to state control
Diplomacy and Warfare
Diplomacy: The act of making ● Diplomacy
political agreements by means of ● French drove Ottomans out of Algeria (1930)
dialogue and negotiation, not ○ Became a settler colony (somewhere people move to)
warfare ● “Scramble for Africa”
“Scramble for Africa:” The ○ Contributed to second wave of imperialism
process by which European ○ Berlin conference (1884-1885)
countries partitioned the continent ■ Called for orderly colonization of Africa
of Africa among themselves in the ■ Africans invited (but had little power or voice)
period 1875-1900. ■ Established arbitrary colonial
