IB Sports Science Topic 5 Exam Questions with Correct Answers| Latest Update Graded A+
Outline factors that determine response time Sex, Age, Temperature, Personality, Mental
state
Evaluate the concept of the physiological refractory period (PRP) When we are involved in a
physical activity we have to respond to a constant stream of stimuli.
We are often presented with other stimuli whilst still reacting to the first stimuli before being
able to recognise the other.
The delay between the reaction of the first and the recognition of the second is the PRP
This means the second stimuli is s=too close to the first
A person must attend to the first response before they can attend to the second
This is often done on purpose e.g. a dummy pass
Describe a motor programme A motor programme is a set of movements stored as a while
in the memory, regardless of whether or not feedback is used in the execution
A motor programme is split into two parts:
Executive programme
Subroutines
An executive programme is a break down of the task. e.g. for a tennis serve, the executive
programme would be - stance, grip, arm action, follow through and release
After practice a person would become more skilled and the executive programme would
become a subroutine
Compare motor programmes from both open and closed loop perspectives Open loop
control: Once the skill is learned, open loop theory suggests that it can be put into action
, without feedback being used to control movement. The main feedback is at the end of the
performance
Closed loop control (Adams theory): If a skill is under closed loop control then the motor
programme is structured the same way but the process can be corrected due to errors in the
performance. Adams theory suggests that we use a memory trace which is when we rehearse
an action over and over again; it is stored in our long term memory. The memory trace is the
way we perform the task. Then, as we perform the task we are getting internal feedback
allowing to compare it to our memories
Explain Schmidt's schema theory Schema claims that what is stored in memory is not a fixed
pattern of movements, but a set of relationships or rules that determine the performance of a
task.
The 'relationships' can be seen as a programme and we are able to run the programme
differently depending on the situation
Schema is made up of 2 elements:
Recall
Recognition
The recall schema:
This is the information responsible for the production of movements. It is made up of
information stored in the long term memory
The recognition schema:
This is the schema responsible for evaluating the movement response. Initially, this information
is stored in the short term memory for comparison to the recall schema.
Once a movement has been completed using the recall and recognition schemas, it is stored in
the long term memory for use in the future when in the same situation
Outline factors that determine response time Sex, Age, Temperature, Personality, Mental
state
Evaluate the concept of the physiological refractory period (PRP) When we are involved in a
physical activity we have to respond to a constant stream of stimuli.
We are often presented with other stimuli whilst still reacting to the first stimuli before being
able to recognise the other.
The delay between the reaction of the first and the recognition of the second is the PRP
This means the second stimuli is s=too close to the first
A person must attend to the first response before they can attend to the second
This is often done on purpose e.g. a dummy pass
Describe a motor programme A motor programme is a set of movements stored as a while
in the memory, regardless of whether or not feedback is used in the execution
A motor programme is split into two parts:
Executive programme
Subroutines
An executive programme is a break down of the task. e.g. for a tennis serve, the executive
programme would be - stance, grip, arm action, follow through and release
After practice a person would become more skilled and the executive programme would
become a subroutine
Compare motor programmes from both open and closed loop perspectives Open loop
control: Once the skill is learned, open loop theory suggests that it can be put into action
, without feedback being used to control movement. The main feedback is at the end of the
performance
Closed loop control (Adams theory): If a skill is under closed loop control then the motor
programme is structured the same way but the process can be corrected due to errors in the
performance. Adams theory suggests that we use a memory trace which is when we rehearse
an action over and over again; it is stored in our long term memory. The memory trace is the
way we perform the task. Then, as we perform the task we are getting internal feedback
allowing to compare it to our memories
Explain Schmidt's schema theory Schema claims that what is stored in memory is not a fixed
pattern of movements, but a set of relationships or rules that determine the performance of a
task.
The 'relationships' can be seen as a programme and we are able to run the programme
differently depending on the situation
Schema is made up of 2 elements:
Recall
Recognition
The recall schema:
This is the information responsible for the production of movements. It is made up of
information stored in the long term memory
The recognition schema:
This is the schema responsible for evaluating the movement response. Initially, this information
is stored in the short term memory for comparison to the recall schema.
Once a movement has been completed using the recall and recognition schemas, it is stored in
the long term memory for use in the future when in the same situation
