UGA Biology 1108 (PUCKO) - Test 2 Study Guide Questions with Correct Answers 2025

UGA Biology 1108 (PUCKO) - Test 2 Study
Guide Questions with Correct Answers 2025
K-TWboundaryW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
LayerWbetweenWrocksWofWtheWCretaceousWandWTertiaryWperiodWwhichWisWfullWofWiridium-
WanWelementWthatWisWextremelyWrareWexceptWforWonWasteroids;WprovidesWevidenceWforWanWasteroi


dWthatWcausedWtheWCretaceousWextinction



LUCAW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
LastWUniversalWCommonWAncestor.WTheWsharedWancestorWthatWallWorganismsWdivergedWfrom



knownWcharacteristicsWofWLUCAW-WCORRECTWANSWERW--
probablyWlivedWinWtheWoceanWnearWthermalWvents

-simple,WsingleWcelledWprokaryote



AutotrophW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-AnWorganismWthatWmakesWitsWownWfood



HeterotrophW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-organismWthatWobtainsWenergyWfromWtheWfoodsWitWconsumes



photoW(asWaWsourceWofWenergy)W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
energyWisWproducedWfromWlight,WoftenWthroughWtheWprocessWofWphotosynthesis



chemoW(asWaWsourceWofWenergy)W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
energyWisWproducedWfromWcompounds,WsuchWasWorganicWmaterialWorWotherWchemicals,WwhichWar
eWoftenWconsumedWbyWanWorganism



PhotoautotrophsW(andWexample)W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
OrganismsWthatWuseWlightWasWaWsourceWofWenergy,WoftenWthroughWphotosynthesis.WTheyWoftenWo
btainWcarbonWfromWCO2

,ex.WmostWplants,WsuchWasWtrees,Wgrasses,Wshrubs,Wflowers,Wetc



PhotoheterotrophsW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
AnWorganismWthatWusesWlightWtoWgenerateWATP/energyWbutWthatWmustWobtainWcarbonWinWorganicW
form.

ex.WsomeWbacteriaWsuchWasWpurpleWsulfurWbacteria



ChemoautotrophsW(akaWchemolithiotrophs)W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
organismsWthatWobtainWenergyWfromWoxidizingWinorganicWcompoundsWlikeWammonia,WhydrogenWs
ulfide,Wetc.WandWgetWcarbonWfromWcarbonWdioxideW(CO2)

ex.WdeepWseaWventWbacteria,Wmethanogens



ChemoheterotrophsW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
AnWorganismWthatWmustWconsumeWorganicWmoleculesWforWbothWenergyWandWcarbon.

ex.WmostWanimals,WsuchWasWhumansWandWotherWmammals,Wreptiles,Wamphibians,Wetc



WhenWwasWtheWearthWformed?W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-4.6WbillionWyearsWago



WhenWdidWlifeWonWearthWbegin?W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-4WbillionWyearsWago



WhenWdidWphotosynthesisWbegin?W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-3.5WbillionWyearsWago



CambrianWExplosionW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
AWmassiveWexpansionWinWdiversityWofWlifeWonWEarthWthatWoccurredW541WmillionWyearsWago



WhenWdidWtheWPermianWextinctionWoccur?W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-252WmillionWyearsWago



WhenWdidWtheWCretaceousWextinctionWoccur?W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-66WmillionWyearsWago

, AnthropoceneWExtinctionW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
TheWextinctionWthatWisWsaidWtoWbeWgoingWonWatWpresentWasWaWresultWofWclimateWchange.WPeopleWt
hinkWitWisWoccurringWasWaWresultWofWhumanWactivity.



significanceWofWpermianWextinctionW-WCORRECTWANSWERW--
TheWlargestWextinctionWtheWearthWhasWeverWseen

-aboutW95%WofWspeciesWlostW(aWveryWsignificantWlossWtoWtheWamountWofWbiodiversityWonWearth)

-possiblyWcausedWbyWasteroidWimpactWandWvolcanicWactivity



significanceWofWtheWcretaceousWextinctionW-WCORRECTWANSWERW--
likelyWcausedWbyWanWasteroidWstrike

-thoughtWtoWhaveWstartedWtheWageWofWtheWmammals



significanceWofWtheWcambrianWexplosionW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
DiversificationWofWanimalWgroups;WmarksWtheWperiodWofWtimeWwhichWmostWmajorWgroupsWofWani
malsWappearWinWtheWfossilWrecord



WhenWdidWlifeWmoveWontoWland?W-WCORRECTWANSWERW-PaleozoicWEra/W430WmillionWyearsWago



differencesWbetweenWprokaryoticWbacteria,WarchaeaWandWeukaryotesW-WCORRECTWANSWERW-
structuralWdifferences:W

eukaryoticWcellsWhaveWaWmembraneWboundWnucleusWandWaWflexibleWcellWsurfaceWasWwellWasWcytos
keleton,WdigestiveWvesiclesWandWinternalWmembranesW(surroundingWorganelles).WbacteriaWhaveWa
WcapsuleWandWcellWwallWmadeWofWPEPTIDOGLYCAN.WArchaeaWhaveWaWcellWwall,WbutWnoWpeptidogl


ycan.W

species:

bacteriaWcanWincludeWpathogensWwhileWarchaeaWcannot.WManyWarchaeaWareWextremophilesW&Wa
reWpartWofWtheWcarbonWcycle,WbutWNONEWAREWPHOTOSYNTHESIZERS