Norris: Porth's Essentials of
Pathophysiology, Fifth Edition
acute inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation occurring for a limited time
period; rapidly developing
inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER-a reaction to tissue damage caused by
injury or infection
chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus
endothelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER-The thin layer of cells that line the interior
surface of all blood vessels. Only one cell thick in capillaries.
vascular phase - CORRECT ANSWER-Hemostasis phase in which injury to a blood
vessel causes it to constrict the flow of blood (vasoconstriction).
cellular phase - CORRECT ANSWER-Chemotaxis
Margination, rolling, adhesion
Transmigration (diapedesis)
Phagocytosis
Termination
leukocyte activation and phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER-At the site of injury a
number of leukocyte responses are triggered: phagocytosis and cell killing
cells of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-platelets, neutrophils, monocytes,
eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
platelets in inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-Activated, release a number of
inflammatory mediators, increases vascular permeability and altering chemotactic,
adhesive, and proteolytic properties of the endothelial cells.
-release proteins to help mediate inflammation
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading
microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.
, monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER-An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into
tissues and transform into a macrophage.
macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER-phagocytize foreign substances and help activate
T cells
Monocytes/Macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER-Monocytes and macrophages
produce potent vasoactive mediators, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes (LT),
platelet-activating factor (PAF), inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors that promote
regeneration of tissues. The macrophages engulf larger and greater quantities of foreign
material than the neutrophils.
Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWER-Eosinophils circulate in the blood and are recruited
to tissues, similar to neutrophils. These granulocytes increase in the blood during
allergic reactions and parasitic infections. The granules of eosinophils, which stain red
with the acid dye eosin, contain a protein that is highly toxic to large parasitic worms
that cannot be phagocytized. They also play an important role in allergic reactions by
controlling the release of specific chemical mediators.
basophils - CORRECT ANSWER-A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine. Both
basophils and mast cells bind an antibody, immunoglobulin E (IgE), secreted by plasma
cells through receptors on their cell surface.13 Binding of IgE triggers release of
histamine and vasoactive agents from the basophil granules.
vascular stage of acute inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-involve the arterioles,
capillaries, and venules of the microcirculation. These changes begin soon after injury
and are characterized by vasodilation, changes in blood flow, increased vascular
permeability, and leakage of fluid into the extravascular tissues.
immediate transient response - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs with minor injury. It
develops rapidly after injury and is usually reversible and of short duration (15 to 30
minutes). Typically, this type of leakage affects venules 20 to 60 μm in diameter, leaving
capillaries and arterioles unaffected.
immediate sustained response - CORRECT ANSWER-Occurs with more serious injury
and continues for several days and damages the vessels in the area
delayed hemodynamic response - CORRECT ANSWER-increased permeability occurs
in the venules and capillaries. A delayed response often accompanies injuries caused
by radiation, such as sunburn. The mechanism of the leakage is unknown, but it may
result from the direct effect of the injurious agent, leading to delayed endothelial cell
damage.
margination - CORRECT ANSWER-leukocytes slow their migration, adhere tightly to
the endothelium, and begin to move along the periphery of the blood vessels.
Pathophysiology, Fifth Edition
acute inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation occurring for a limited time
period; rapidly developing
inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER-a reaction to tissue damage caused by
injury or infection
chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus
endothelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER-The thin layer of cells that line the interior
surface of all blood vessels. Only one cell thick in capillaries.
vascular phase - CORRECT ANSWER-Hemostasis phase in which injury to a blood
vessel causes it to constrict the flow of blood (vasoconstriction).
cellular phase - CORRECT ANSWER-Chemotaxis
Margination, rolling, adhesion
Transmigration (diapedesis)
Phagocytosis
Termination
leukocyte activation and phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER-At the site of injury a
number of leukocyte responses are triggered: phagocytosis and cell killing
cells of inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-platelets, neutrophils, monocytes,
eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
platelets in inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-Activated, release a number of
inflammatory mediators, increases vascular permeability and altering chemotactic,
adhesive, and proteolytic properties of the endothelial cells.
-release proteins to help mediate inflammation
Neutrophils - CORRECT ANSWER-A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading
microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.
, monocytes - CORRECT ANSWER-An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into
tissues and transform into a macrophage.
macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER-phagocytize foreign substances and help activate
T cells
Monocytes/Macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER-Monocytes and macrophages
produce potent vasoactive mediators, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes (LT),
platelet-activating factor (PAF), inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors that promote
regeneration of tissues. The macrophages engulf larger and greater quantities of foreign
material than the neutrophils.
Eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWER-Eosinophils circulate in the blood and are recruited
to tissues, similar to neutrophils. These granulocytes increase in the blood during
allergic reactions and parasitic infections. The granules of eosinophils, which stain red
with the acid dye eosin, contain a protein that is highly toxic to large parasitic worms
that cannot be phagocytized. They also play an important role in allergic reactions by
controlling the release of specific chemical mediators.
basophils - CORRECT ANSWER-A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine. Both
basophils and mast cells bind an antibody, immunoglobulin E (IgE), secreted by plasma
cells through receptors on their cell surface.13 Binding of IgE triggers release of
histamine and vasoactive agents from the basophil granules.
vascular stage of acute inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER-involve the arterioles,
capillaries, and venules of the microcirculation. These changes begin soon after injury
and are characterized by vasodilation, changes in blood flow, increased vascular
permeability, and leakage of fluid into the extravascular tissues.
immediate transient response - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs with minor injury. It
develops rapidly after injury and is usually reversible and of short duration (15 to 30
minutes). Typically, this type of leakage affects venules 20 to 60 μm in diameter, leaving
capillaries and arterioles unaffected.
immediate sustained response - CORRECT ANSWER-Occurs with more serious injury
and continues for several days and damages the vessels in the area
delayed hemodynamic response - CORRECT ANSWER-increased permeability occurs
in the venules and capillaries. A delayed response often accompanies injuries caused
by radiation, such as sunburn. The mechanism of the leakage is unknown, but it may
result from the direct effect of the injurious agent, leading to delayed endothelial cell
damage.
margination - CORRECT ANSWER-leukocytes slow their migration, adhere tightly to
the endothelium, and begin to move along the periphery of the blood vessels.
