2024 AQA A-Level HISTORY 7042/1B Component 1B Spain in the Age of
Discovery, 1469–1598
Verified Question paper and Marking Scheme Attached
A-level
HISTORY
Component 1B Spain in the Age of Discovery, 1469–1598
Thursday 23 May 2024 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7042/1B.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01. In
Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 60 minutes on Question 01
– 45 minutes on each of the other questions answered.
, 2
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
From the beginning of his reign, Philip II was convinced that the Spanish Church needed reform. Heresy had
taken root. The Inquisitor-General, Valdes, submitted a detailed report on the religious situation. In
monasteries, convents and universities throughout Spain, many books and Bibles were found to be
contaminated with Lutheran heresies.
There was also an upsurge in Moorish and Jewish worship and Paganism flourished in remote regions, 5
with festivals, rituals and superstitions. But Philip’s personal spirituality and desire for reform were not
reflected within Spain. Valdes and the Papacy were involved in plots against leading churchmen, creating a
situation whereby the Inquisition became too focused on establishing political power. The Church
neglected the spiritual education of priests and ordinary Spaniards. Many clergy remained uneducated and
poor. The Church’s contribution to reform might have been more productive if it had been more effectively 10
co-ordinated. But, despite Philip’s implementation of the Tridentine Decrees, reforms had made little
progress by 1598.
Adapted from G Parker, Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II, 2014
Extract B
By far the most important influence upon the reforms of the Spanish Church was the
long-awaited conclusion to the final session of the Council of Trent. Spanish bishops had played a prominent
part early in this session and Philip took a personal interest. Philip wanted doctrinal issues discussed and
defined, believing more power should be given to the bishops over their own clergy and limitations imposed
upon papal authority. The Tridentine Decrees revolutionised Spanish Catholicism. They brought greater 5
reform of the clergy, greater power to the bishops, which particularly pleased Philip, and a programme of
clerical education. This led to the construction of 20 seminary colleges in Spain. Under Philip’s direction
there were also important administrative changes. New bishoprics were set up, greater control was
established over monasteries with foreign orders and many decayed religious houses were shut down.
Teresa of Avila created the powerful Observant order in 1562. The Crown’s control over the Church thus 10
became more complete in Spain in the 16th century than elsewhere in Europe.
Adapted from G Woodward, Philip II, 1992
IB/M/Jun24/G4002/7042/1B
, 3
Extract C
The Spanish enthusiasm for religious orthodoxy had an old-fashioned approach, being still largely directed
against the traditional Moorish enemy. Spaniards could not understand the general Catholic agitation for
reform of the Church. The Spanish Inquisition, dating from 1478, had been designed to root out heresy
among converted Muslims and Jews. These conversos were hated and feared; by the time of Philip II, a
racist campaign had been launched to bar anyone from public office whose blood was impure. Once the 5
Protestant revolt broke out in Europe, the Inquisition went to extraordinary lengths to keep the new heresy
out of Spain. Anyone deviating in the slightest from Catholic orthodoxy was branded a Lutheran by the Holy
Office and handed over to the secular authorities for public execution. Erasmus’s supporters in Spain were
hounded into silence. St Ignatius Loyola was twice imprisoned on suspicion of heresy.
Even the Archbishop of Toledo was held prisoner by his enemies in the Inquisition from 1559 to 1576, on false 10
charges of heresy.
Adapted from R Dunn, The Age of Religious Wars, 1559–1689, 1971
0 1 Using your understanding of the historical context, assess how convincing the arguments in these three
extracts are in relation to reform of the Church under Philip II.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
IB/M/Jun24/G4002/7042/1B Turn over ►
Discovery, 1469–1598
Verified Question paper and Marking Scheme Attached
A-level
HISTORY
Component 1B Spain in the Age of Discovery, 1469–1598
Thursday 23 May 2024 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7042/1B.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01. In
Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 60 minutes on Question 01
– 45 minutes on each of the other questions answered.
, 2
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
From the beginning of his reign, Philip II was convinced that the Spanish Church needed reform. Heresy had
taken root. The Inquisitor-General, Valdes, submitted a detailed report on the religious situation. In
monasteries, convents and universities throughout Spain, many books and Bibles were found to be
contaminated with Lutheran heresies.
There was also an upsurge in Moorish and Jewish worship and Paganism flourished in remote regions, 5
with festivals, rituals and superstitions. But Philip’s personal spirituality and desire for reform were not
reflected within Spain. Valdes and the Papacy were involved in plots against leading churchmen, creating a
situation whereby the Inquisition became too focused on establishing political power. The Church
neglected the spiritual education of priests and ordinary Spaniards. Many clergy remained uneducated and
poor. The Church’s contribution to reform might have been more productive if it had been more effectively 10
co-ordinated. But, despite Philip’s implementation of the Tridentine Decrees, reforms had made little
progress by 1598.
Adapted from G Parker, Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II, 2014
Extract B
By far the most important influence upon the reforms of the Spanish Church was the
long-awaited conclusion to the final session of the Council of Trent. Spanish bishops had played a prominent
part early in this session and Philip took a personal interest. Philip wanted doctrinal issues discussed and
defined, believing more power should be given to the bishops over their own clergy and limitations imposed
upon papal authority. The Tridentine Decrees revolutionised Spanish Catholicism. They brought greater 5
reform of the clergy, greater power to the bishops, which particularly pleased Philip, and a programme of
clerical education. This led to the construction of 20 seminary colleges in Spain. Under Philip’s direction
there were also important administrative changes. New bishoprics were set up, greater control was
established over monasteries with foreign orders and many decayed religious houses were shut down.
Teresa of Avila created the powerful Observant order in 1562. The Crown’s control over the Church thus 10
became more complete in Spain in the 16th century than elsewhere in Europe.
Adapted from G Woodward, Philip II, 1992
IB/M/Jun24/G4002/7042/1B
, 3
Extract C
The Spanish enthusiasm for religious orthodoxy had an old-fashioned approach, being still largely directed
against the traditional Moorish enemy. Spaniards could not understand the general Catholic agitation for
reform of the Church. The Spanish Inquisition, dating from 1478, had been designed to root out heresy
among converted Muslims and Jews. These conversos were hated and feared; by the time of Philip II, a
racist campaign had been launched to bar anyone from public office whose blood was impure. Once the 5
Protestant revolt broke out in Europe, the Inquisition went to extraordinary lengths to keep the new heresy
out of Spain. Anyone deviating in the slightest from Catholic orthodoxy was branded a Lutheran by the Holy
Office and handed over to the secular authorities for public execution. Erasmus’s supporters in Spain were
hounded into silence. St Ignatius Loyola was twice imprisoned on suspicion of heresy.
Even the Archbishop of Toledo was held prisoner by his enemies in the Inquisition from 1559 to 1576, on false 10
charges of heresy.
Adapted from R Dunn, The Age of Religious Wars, 1559–1689, 1971
0 1 Using your understanding of the historical context, assess how convincing the arguments in these three
extracts are in relation to reform of the Church under Philip II.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
IB/M/Jun24/G4002/7042/1B Turn over ►
