2024 AQA A-Level HISTORY 7042/1A Component 1A The Age of the
Crusades, c1071–1204
Verified Question paper and Marking Scheme Attached
A-level
HISTORY
Component 1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
Thursday 23 May 2024 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7042/1A.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01. In
Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A
– 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B.
, 2
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
When Jerusalem was captured in July 1099 the crusaders had achieved their goal, but there was no
evidence that they had a plan for the future beyond the liberation of the Holy City. Thus, once they had
fulfilled their pilgrim vows, many crusaders were ready to set out for home. As a result, Godfrey of Bouillon’s
realm consisted of little more than three isolated territories: Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Jaffa. Baldwin I,
however, succeeded in extending the Kingdom to include the coastal cities. This was vital for the Kingdom’s 5
survival. But, the critical city of Ascalon was not taken by Baldwin. Already, the Egyptians had landed
armies there to threaten the Kingdom, and any coastal cities were under threat so long as the Egyptians had
a harbour so close to them. A further problem for Baldwin and his successors was that the cities had been
taken at a price.
The participation of the Italians, although vital, led to a significant loss of revenue from trade. 10
Adapted from S Edgington, Baldwin I of Jerusalem, 2020
Extract B
Although the First Crusaders achieved the initial invasion of the Near East, the real task of conquest and
creation of the Crusader States was carried out by the first generation of settlers. Of these, the greatest
individual contributions were undoubtedly made by
King Baldwin I and his rival, Tancred. Together these two steered the Latin East through a period of
extreme fragility. The real significance of Islamic disunity became clear. In these years of foundation, the 5
western European settlement of Syria and Palestine quite probably could have been halted by committed
and determined Muslim attack. Baldwin’s and Tancred’s successes were also built upon a flexibility of
approach that mixed ruthlessness with realism. Thus, the work of consolidation and suppression was
carried out, not simply through direct military conquest, but also via diplomacy, financial exploitation and the
incorporation of the indigenous non-Latin population. Latin survival was likewise dependent upon the 10
willingness of Baldwin, Tancred and their contemporaries to replace internal competition and confrontation
with cooperation in the face of external threats.
Adapted from T Asbridge, The Crusades, 2010
IB/M/Jun24/7042/1A
, 3
Extract C
What followed the taking of Jerusalem was remarkable. An isolated Christian state was established in the
heart of the Muslim world. It seemed impossible that the new Western experiment should survive. It was
apparently indefensible, strung out for hundreds of miles along the coast. Even if Outremer had been fully
occupied, it would have seemed doomed. The population was chaotically mixed in race as well as in
religion and the Christians were, in most places, a minority. Outremer was in no way an organised state 5
with frontiers; it was rather a series of strongholds and walled cities. Edessa in the north was well placed to
act as a barrier against Muslim invasion. But it was so far away from Jerusalem that the union between the
two was difficult to maintain. Antioch was in perpetual rivalry with Tripoli and Byzantium; and Tripoli was
jealous of its independence. Outremer was continually under pressure and continually penetrated by the
Muslim powers on whose fringes it precariously lay. 10
Adapted from H Belloc, The Crusades: The World’s Debate, 1937
0 1 Using your understanding of the historical context, assess how convincing the arguments in these three
extracts are in relation to the condition of Outremer in the years 1098 to 1118.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
IB/M/Jun24/7042/1A Turn over ►
Crusades, c1071–1204
Verified Question paper and Marking Scheme Attached
A-level
HISTORY
Component 1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204
Thursday 23 May 2024 Morning Time allowed: 2 hours 30 minutes
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• an AQA 16-page answer book.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7042/1A.
• Answer three questions.
In Section A answer Question 01. In
Section B answer two questions.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• You are advised to spend about:
– 1 hour on Question 01 from Section A
– 45 minutes on each of the two questions answered from Section B.
, 2
Section A
Answer Question 01.
Extract A
When Jerusalem was captured in July 1099 the crusaders had achieved their goal, but there was no
evidence that they had a plan for the future beyond the liberation of the Holy City. Thus, once they had
fulfilled their pilgrim vows, many crusaders were ready to set out for home. As a result, Godfrey of Bouillon’s
realm consisted of little more than three isolated territories: Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Jaffa. Baldwin I,
however, succeeded in extending the Kingdom to include the coastal cities. This was vital for the Kingdom’s 5
survival. But, the critical city of Ascalon was not taken by Baldwin. Already, the Egyptians had landed
armies there to threaten the Kingdom, and any coastal cities were under threat so long as the Egyptians had
a harbour so close to them. A further problem for Baldwin and his successors was that the cities had been
taken at a price.
The participation of the Italians, although vital, led to a significant loss of revenue from trade. 10
Adapted from S Edgington, Baldwin I of Jerusalem, 2020
Extract B
Although the First Crusaders achieved the initial invasion of the Near East, the real task of conquest and
creation of the Crusader States was carried out by the first generation of settlers. Of these, the greatest
individual contributions were undoubtedly made by
King Baldwin I and his rival, Tancred. Together these two steered the Latin East through a period of
extreme fragility. The real significance of Islamic disunity became clear. In these years of foundation, the 5
western European settlement of Syria and Palestine quite probably could have been halted by committed
and determined Muslim attack. Baldwin’s and Tancred’s successes were also built upon a flexibility of
approach that mixed ruthlessness with realism. Thus, the work of consolidation and suppression was
carried out, not simply through direct military conquest, but also via diplomacy, financial exploitation and the
incorporation of the indigenous non-Latin population. Latin survival was likewise dependent upon the 10
willingness of Baldwin, Tancred and their contemporaries to replace internal competition and confrontation
with cooperation in the face of external threats.
Adapted from T Asbridge, The Crusades, 2010
IB/M/Jun24/7042/1A
, 3
Extract C
What followed the taking of Jerusalem was remarkable. An isolated Christian state was established in the
heart of the Muslim world. It seemed impossible that the new Western experiment should survive. It was
apparently indefensible, strung out for hundreds of miles along the coast. Even if Outremer had been fully
occupied, it would have seemed doomed. The population was chaotically mixed in race as well as in
religion and the Christians were, in most places, a minority. Outremer was in no way an organised state 5
with frontiers; it was rather a series of strongholds and walled cities. Edessa in the north was well placed to
act as a barrier against Muslim invasion. But it was so far away from Jerusalem that the union between the
two was difficult to maintain. Antioch was in perpetual rivalry with Tripoli and Byzantium; and Tripoli was
jealous of its independence. Outremer was continually under pressure and continually penetrated by the
Muslim powers on whose fringes it precariously lay. 10
Adapted from H Belloc, The Crusades: The World’s Debate, 1937
0 1 Using your understanding of the historical context, assess how convincing the arguments in these three
extracts are in relation to the condition of Outremer in the years 1098 to 1118.
[30 marks]
Turn over for Section B
IB/M/Jun24/7042/1A Turn over ►
