SCRIBE OPHTHALMOLOGY SLIDE 1
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Cornea - Answer-- outer most layer of anterior eye that begins the process of focusing
light towards the macula
Aqueous Humor - Answer-- clear, watery fluid present in the anterior chamber that
supplies nutrients to eye tissue
- disturbance to flow of this fluid can cause IOP issues like Glaucoma
Ciliary Muscles - Answer-- contracts and relaxes to change shape and curvature of lens
Suspensory Ligament - Answer-- ligament/ fibrous membrane that connects the ciliary
(body) muscles to the lens
Lens - Answer-- primary structure for refracting light to retina (after it passes cornea)
- loses elasticity with age --> presbyopia
Fovea - Answer-- center of macula that provides the sharpest detail vision
Zonular Fibers - Answer-- ring of fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body to the lens
Hyaloid Canal - Answer-- small transparent canal running through vitreous body from
optic nerve to lens
Snellen Eye Chart - Answer-- exam equipment with various letter sizes to identify
Slit Lamp - Answer-- exam equipment
- light microscope used to examine pt's eye
Occluder (Pinholes orPH) - Answer-- exam equipment
- used to cover an eye to assess visual acuity of isolated eye
- pinholes simulate squinting: if vision improves, pt likley has refractive error or
peripheral cataracts
Tonopen - Answer-- exam equipment
- measures IOP by touching tip of pen to pt's central cornea after instilling proparacaine
(no dye)
Bifocals/Trifocals - Answer-- type of lenses
- refractive lenses that correct for distance and near vision (BF) or distance,
intermediate, and near vision (TF)
, Progressive Addition Lens (PALs) - Answer-- type of lenses
- bifocals without a distinct line separating fields of vision
Confrontational Visual Field Test (CVF) - Answer-- visual field test
- assesses peripheral vision where pt fixates one eye on examiner and must distinguish
how many fingers are being held up in each quadrant of vision
Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) - Answer-- visual field exam
- lengthy, in-depth exam beyond CVFs where pt fixates one eye straight ahead and click
a button each type they detect a flicker of light in the periphery
Goldmann Visual Field (GVF) - Answer-- visual field exam
- less commonly used and more time consuming than HVF used for very poor vision
Tangent Visual Field (TVF) - Answer-- visual field exam
- used to assess peripheral vision of pts with eyelid ptosis, brow ptosis, or
dermatochalasis
Goldmann Applanation Tonometry - Answer-- measures IOP using slit lamp and
proparacaine and fluorescein dye
- false high IOP if pt holds breath or is wearing tight collar/tie
iCare - Answer-- handheld tonommetry device that doesn't require proparacaine or dye
- preferred method for kids
- most expensive and least accurate
Extraocular Motility Exam - Answer-- pt follows a target with eyes
- good for evaluating strabismus and if pt complains of diplopia
Phoropter - Answer-- used to measure distance correction
- gathers spherical, cylinder, and axis measurements
Autorefractor - Answer-- machine that obtains distance correction only
- good for pt obtaining corrective glasses for first time
Lensometer - Answer-- performed for every pt who presents to clinic with corrective
lenses
Strabismus - Answer-- eyes do not line up to look at the same object simultaneously
Conjunctivitis - Answer-- viral infection to the conjunctiva/cornea
- Aka: pink eye
- Can't be treated with Abx
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Cornea - Answer-- outer most layer of anterior eye that begins the process of focusing
light towards the macula
Aqueous Humor - Answer-- clear, watery fluid present in the anterior chamber that
supplies nutrients to eye tissue
- disturbance to flow of this fluid can cause IOP issues like Glaucoma
Ciliary Muscles - Answer-- contracts and relaxes to change shape and curvature of lens
Suspensory Ligament - Answer-- ligament/ fibrous membrane that connects the ciliary
(body) muscles to the lens
Lens - Answer-- primary structure for refracting light to retina (after it passes cornea)
- loses elasticity with age --> presbyopia
Fovea - Answer-- center of macula that provides the sharpest detail vision
Zonular Fibers - Answer-- ring of fibrous strands connecting the ciliary body to the lens
Hyaloid Canal - Answer-- small transparent canal running through vitreous body from
optic nerve to lens
Snellen Eye Chart - Answer-- exam equipment with various letter sizes to identify
Slit Lamp - Answer-- exam equipment
- light microscope used to examine pt's eye
Occluder (Pinholes orPH) - Answer-- exam equipment
- used to cover an eye to assess visual acuity of isolated eye
- pinholes simulate squinting: if vision improves, pt likley has refractive error or
peripheral cataracts
Tonopen - Answer-- exam equipment
- measures IOP by touching tip of pen to pt's central cornea after instilling proparacaine
(no dye)
Bifocals/Trifocals - Answer-- type of lenses
- refractive lenses that correct for distance and near vision (BF) or distance,
intermediate, and near vision (TF)
, Progressive Addition Lens (PALs) - Answer-- type of lenses
- bifocals without a distinct line separating fields of vision
Confrontational Visual Field Test (CVF) - Answer-- visual field test
- assesses peripheral vision where pt fixates one eye on examiner and must distinguish
how many fingers are being held up in each quadrant of vision
Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) - Answer-- visual field exam
- lengthy, in-depth exam beyond CVFs where pt fixates one eye straight ahead and click
a button each type they detect a flicker of light in the periphery
Goldmann Visual Field (GVF) - Answer-- visual field exam
- less commonly used and more time consuming than HVF used for very poor vision
Tangent Visual Field (TVF) - Answer-- visual field exam
- used to assess peripheral vision of pts with eyelid ptosis, brow ptosis, or
dermatochalasis
Goldmann Applanation Tonometry - Answer-- measures IOP using slit lamp and
proparacaine and fluorescein dye
- false high IOP if pt holds breath or is wearing tight collar/tie
iCare - Answer-- handheld tonommetry device that doesn't require proparacaine or dye
- preferred method for kids
- most expensive and least accurate
Extraocular Motility Exam - Answer-- pt follows a target with eyes
- good for evaluating strabismus and if pt complains of diplopia
Phoropter - Answer-- used to measure distance correction
- gathers spherical, cylinder, and axis measurements
Autorefractor - Answer-- machine that obtains distance correction only
- good for pt obtaining corrective glasses for first time
Lensometer - Answer-- performed for every pt who presents to clinic with corrective
lenses
Strabismus - Answer-- eyes do not line up to look at the same object simultaneously
Conjunctivitis - Answer-- viral infection to the conjunctiva/cornea
- Aka: pink eye
- Can't be treated with Abx
