Biology Test
what is the central dogma? ✔✔DNA makes RNA which makes Protein
what is the relationship between the mRNA strand made during transcription and the DNA
which it was made? ✔✔An RNA strand is similar to the DNA it was made from, but it is ribose
rather than dioxyribose, it uses uracile instead of thymine and RNA is a single strand instead of a
double strand.
why might a cell make many copies of RNA but only one copy of DNA? ✔✔Cells make
multiple copies of RNA because RNA is turned into protein and goes away, but DNA stays
forever.
If a DNA segment has the nucleotides AGCCTAA what would the nucleotide sequence of the
complementary RNA strand be? ✔✔If a DNA has the nucleotides AGCCTAA the nucleotide
sequence for the complementary RNA strand would be UCGGAUU
A healthy cell cannot pass the G2 checkpoint until all of its DNA is copied. Do you think that a
cell must also transcribe all of its genes into RNA to pass this checkpoint? Why or why not?
✔✔Not all genes in a cell must be transcribed to pass the G2 check point because RNA is being
made continuously
Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid ✔✔Amino Acids are coded for by
various mixtures and combinations of different codons
Describe how the process of translation is started ✔✔Translation starts with the start codon
AUG or Methionine
If a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU, what amino acid would it carry? ✔✔If a tRNA
molecule haf the codon AGU the amino acid it carries would be Serine
The DNA of eukaryotic cells has many copies of genes that code for rRNA molecules. Why do
you think a cell needs so many copies of these genes? ✔✔We need many rRNA because we
need lots of ribosomes to get all of the protein we need in our body
Enzymes have shapes that allow them to bind to a substrate. Some types of RNA also form
specific 3D shapes. Why do you think that RNA, not DNA, catalyzes biochemical reactions?
✔✔DNA is coiled so tightly that if it was used during reactions it could be damaged, but RNA
can be used because they are singular shorter strands
what is the central dogma? ✔✔DNA makes RNA which makes Protein
what is the relationship between the mRNA strand made during transcription and the DNA
which it was made? ✔✔An RNA strand is similar to the DNA it was made from, but it is ribose
rather than dioxyribose, it uses uracile instead of thymine and RNA is a single strand instead of a
double strand.
why might a cell make many copies of RNA but only one copy of DNA? ✔✔Cells make
multiple copies of RNA because RNA is turned into protein and goes away, but DNA stays
forever.
If a DNA segment has the nucleotides AGCCTAA what would the nucleotide sequence of the
complementary RNA strand be? ✔✔If a DNA has the nucleotides AGCCTAA the nucleotide
sequence for the complementary RNA strand would be UCGGAUU
A healthy cell cannot pass the G2 checkpoint until all of its DNA is copied. Do you think that a
cell must also transcribe all of its genes into RNA to pass this checkpoint? Why or why not?
✔✔Not all genes in a cell must be transcribed to pass the G2 check point because RNA is being
made continuously
Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid ✔✔Amino Acids are coded for by
various mixtures and combinations of different codons
Describe how the process of translation is started ✔✔Translation starts with the start codon
AUG or Methionine
If a tRNA molecule had the anticodon AGU, what amino acid would it carry? ✔✔If a tRNA
molecule haf the codon AGU the amino acid it carries would be Serine
The DNA of eukaryotic cells has many copies of genes that code for rRNA molecules. Why do
you think a cell needs so many copies of these genes? ✔✔We need many rRNA because we
need lots of ribosomes to get all of the protein we need in our body
Enzymes have shapes that allow them to bind to a substrate. Some types of RNA also form
specific 3D shapes. Why do you think that RNA, not DNA, catalyzes biochemical reactions?
✔✔DNA is coiled so tightly that if it was used during reactions it could be damaged, but RNA
can be used because they are singular shorter strands
