Research Methods Final Exam Study Guide
questions with answers
Quasi-experimental designs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a research design in
which there is a comparison group that is comparable to the experimental
group in critical ways, but subjects are not randomly assigned to the
comparison and experimental groups.
True Experiments - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Have at least 3 features that
help establish criteria for causation:
1. Two comparison groups (in the simplest case, an experimental and a control
group)
2. Random assignment to the two (or more) comparison groups
3. Assessment of change in the dependent variable in both groups after the
experimental group receives the experimental condition. (pretest & posttest)
Experimental group - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In an experiment, the group
of subjects that receives the treatment or manipulation.
Random Assignment - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A procedure by which each
experimental subject is placed in a group randomly
Causal effect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Empirical Association
(Must be observable)
, 2. Time Order
(Cause before effect)
3. Nonsputiousness
(No third variable)
Pretest - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Measurement of dependent variable prior
to experimental intervention
Posttest - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Measurement of outcome (dependent
variable) in both groups after experimental group has received treatment
Control/Comparison Group - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Subject to whom the
experimental group can be compared.
Spurious relationships - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A relationship between two
variables is spurious when it is caused by a third variable. (As in, they are not
DIRECTLY related.)
Intervening variables - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Explanation of why the
independent variable has [X] effect on the independent variable
Internal Validity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔exists when a conclusion that A
leads to B is correct
questions with answers
Quasi-experimental designs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a research design in
which there is a comparison group that is comparable to the experimental
group in critical ways, but subjects are not randomly assigned to the
comparison and experimental groups.
True Experiments - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Have at least 3 features that
help establish criteria for causation:
1. Two comparison groups (in the simplest case, an experimental and a control
group)
2. Random assignment to the two (or more) comparison groups
3. Assessment of change in the dependent variable in both groups after the
experimental group receives the experimental condition. (pretest & posttest)
Experimental group - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In an experiment, the group
of subjects that receives the treatment or manipulation.
Random Assignment - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A procedure by which each
experimental subject is placed in a group randomly
Causal effect - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. Empirical Association
(Must be observable)
, 2. Time Order
(Cause before effect)
3. Nonsputiousness
(No third variable)
Pretest - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Measurement of dependent variable prior
to experimental intervention
Posttest - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Measurement of outcome (dependent
variable) in both groups after experimental group has received treatment
Control/Comparison Group - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Subject to whom the
experimental group can be compared.
Spurious relationships - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A relationship between two
variables is spurious when it is caused by a third variable. (As in, they are not
DIRECTLY related.)
Intervening variables - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Explanation of why the
independent variable has [X] effect on the independent variable
Internal Validity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔exists when a conclusion that A
leads to B is correct
