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NYSTCE Childhood Literacy 221 Questions with
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Second language acquisition
Ans: Make all instruction as easy to understand as possible; Relate
instruction to culture of ESL children; Increase interactive activities use
gestures when modeling
Vocabulary
Ans: The more vocab a student knows the higher their comprehension
Print and book awareness
Ans: See connection between words and meaning Learn that
reading/writing are ways to obtain info and communicate ideas Learn the
features of text ie read left to right space etc etc
Print rich environment
Ans: Display a variety of print in classroom use graphic organizers (and
display) use big books (to point out print)
Oral and written language development
Ans: Develop at same time acquision of skills support each other Oral -
develops in context of social setting Written - doesn't need formal teaching if
exposed to print rich environment
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,Letters
Ans: Before learning to read/write know that letters have distinct
appearance sound name
Language skill development
Ans: Learn through interacting with others and experiencing language in
context Promote language development by modeling enriched vocab Use
questions and examples to extend descriptive language skills Promote
ample response time Ask for clarification Promote conversations Provide
feedback so they know they've been heard
Fluency
Ans: Read accurately and quickly increase fluency by providing many
reading opportunities
Phonics
Ans: Learning to read by learning how spoken language is represented by
letters. Learn to read phonetically - sound out phonemes
Decoding
Ans: Method/strategy to make sense of printed words and correctly
pronounce them
Alphabetic principle
Ans: Use of letters and combos of letters to represent speech sounds
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, Teaching phonological awareness
Ans: - clapping to sounds of words names all words in sentences - practice
saying blended phonemes - singing songs that involve phoneme
replacement - reading variety of texts (includes patterned and predictable
alliterative) out loud - listening to enviornmental sounds/following directions -
games with rhyming chants fingerplays - group objects by beginning sound
Onset sounds
Ans: Sounds at beginning of words
Phonemes
Ans: Sounds represented by letters in alphabet
Phonological awareness
Ans: Ability to perceive sound structures in spoken word syllables and
individual phonemes within syllables
Literacy
Ans: Ability to read and write
Paragraph coherence
Ans: Link sentences by: - repetition of key words - substitution of pronouns -
substitution of synonyms (don't want to sound too redundant)
Journal writing
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