CAPSTONE EXAM 1 WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
2025
A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L.
The nurse
should plan which actions as a priority? Select all
that
1. apply.
place the client on a cardiac
2. notify the
monitor
HCP
3. put the client on NPO status except for
icereview
4. chips the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain
potassium
5. allow an extra 500 mL of intravenous fluid intake to dilute the
concentration ( correct answers ) 1. place the client on a cardiac
electrolyte
monitor
2. notify the
4. review the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain
HCP
potassium
A client being hemodialyzed suddenly becomes short of breath and
complains
pain. of chest
The client is tachycardic, place, and anxious and the nurse suspects air
What are the priority nursing actions? Select all
embolism.
that
1. administer
apply. oxygen to the
client
2. continue dialysis at a slower rate after checking the
lines
3. notify
for air
the HCP and
RRT
4. stop dialysis, and turn the client on the left side with head
lower
5. bolusthan
thefeet
client with 500 mL of normal saline to break up the air
embolus ) 1. administer oxygen to the
answers
( correct
3. notify the HCP and
client
RRT
4. stop dialysis, and turn the client on the left side with head
lower than feet
A client arrives at the emergency department with complaints of low
abdominal pain
hematuria. The client
and is afebrile. The nurse next assess the client to
determine
of which a history
1.
condition?
pyelonephritis
2.
3. trauma to the bladder or
glomerulonephritis
abdomen
4. renal cancer in the client's family ( correct answers ) 3. trauma to the
bladder or
abdome
n
The nurse discusses plans for future treatment options with a client with
symptomatic
polycystic kidney disease. Which treatment should be included in this
Select all that
discussion?
apply.
1.
2. peritoneal
hemodialysis
3. kidney
dialysis
4. bilateral
transplant
nephrectomy
GRADED
A+
,5. intense immunosuppression therapy ( correct answers ) 1.
3. kidney
hemodialysis
transplant
4. bilateral
nephrectomy
A client is admitted to the ED following a fall from a horse and the HCP
insertion of a urinary catheter. While preparing for the procedure, the nurse
prescribes
notes
at the blood
urinary meatus. The nurse should take which
1. notify the HCP before performing the
action?
catheterization
2. use a small-sized catheter and an anesthetic gel as a
3. administer parenteral pain medication before inserting
lubricant
theclean
4. catheter
the meatus with soap and water before opening the
catheterization
correct answerskit
) 1. notify the HCP before performing the catheterization
(
The nurse is assessing the patency of a client's left arm arteriovenous
initiating hemodialysis.
fistula prior to Which finding indicates that the fistula
is patent?
1. palpation of a thrill over the
fistula
2. presence of a radial pulse in the
3.
leftvisualization
wrist of enlarged blood vessels at the
fistula
4. site refill less than 3 seconds in the nail beds of the fingers on the
capillary
correct
left hand answers ) 1. palpation of a thrill over the fistula (
A male client ha a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The nurse should
for which
assess themanifestation
client of the
1. hematuria and
disorder?
pyuria
2. dysuria and
3. hematuria and
proteinuria
urgency
4. dysuria and penile discharge ( correct answers ) 4.
dysuria and penile discharge
The nurse is assessing a client with epididymitis. The nurse anticipates
which findings on physical examination?
1. fever, diarrhea, groin pain, and ecchymosis
2. nausea, painful scrotal edema, and ecchymosis
3. fever, nausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema
4. diarrhea, groin pain, testicular torsion, and scrotal ( correct answers )
fever,
edemanausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema
3.
A client complains of fever, perineal pain, and urinary urgency, frequency,
To
and assess whether the client's problem is related to bacterial prostatitis,
dysuria.
the nurse
reviews the results of the prostate examination for which characteristic of
1. soft
this and swollen prostate
disorder?
gland
2. swollen and boggy prostate
gland
3. tender and edematous prostate
gland
4. tender indurated prostate gland that is warm to the touch
tender
( correctindurated
answers prostate
) gland that is warm to 4.
the touch
GRADED
A+
, The nurse is collecting data from a client. Which symptom described by
characteristic
the client is of an early symptom of benign prostatic
hyperplasia?
1.
2. scrotal
nocturia
edema
3. occasional
4. decreased force in the stream of urine
constipation ( correct answers )
the stream of urine 4. decreased force in
The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis notes that the
is less than
client's the inflow. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all
outflow
that
1. apply.
check the level of the
drainage
2. reposition
bagthe client to his or
hercontact
3. side the
4. place the client in good body
HCP
alignment
5. check the peritoneal dialysis system
forincrease
6. kinks the flow rate of the peritoneal dialysis solution ( correct
answers ) 1.
check the level of the
2. reposition
drainage bagthe client to his or
herplace
4. side the client in good body
5. check the peritoneal dialysis system for kinks
alignment
A hemodialysis client with a left arm fistula is at risk for arterial steal
nurse should
syndrome. assess for which manifestations of this
The
1. warmth, redness, and pain in the
complication?
leftecchymosis
2. hand and audible bruit over the
3. edema and reddish discoloration of the
fistula
leftpallor,
4. arm diminished pulse, and pain in the left hand ( correct answers )
4. pallor, pulse, and pain in the left
diminished
hand
The nurse is reviewing a client's record and notes that HCP has
client has chronic
documented renal disease. On review of the lab results, the nurse
that the
most likely
would expect to note which
finding?
1. elevated creatinine
2. decreased hemoglobin
level
level
3. decreased RBC
4. increased number of WBCs in the urine
count ( correct answers )
level 1. elevated creatinine
A client with chronic kidney disease returns to the nursing unit following a
treatment. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client's temperature
hemodialysis
is 101.2
Which F.
nursing action is most
appropriate?
1. encourage fluid
intake
2. notify the
3. continue to monitor vital
HCP
signs
4. monitor the site of the shunt for ( correct answers ) 2. notify
infection the HCP
GRADED
A+
CORRECT ANSWERS
2025
A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 7.0 mEq/L.
The nurse
should plan which actions as a priority? Select all
that
1. apply.
place the client on a cardiac
2. notify the
monitor
HCP
3. put the client on NPO status except for
icereview
4. chips the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain
potassium
5. allow an extra 500 mL of intravenous fluid intake to dilute the
concentration ( correct answers ) 1. place the client on a cardiac
electrolyte
monitor
2. notify the
4. review the client's medications to determine if any contain or retain
HCP
potassium
A client being hemodialyzed suddenly becomes short of breath and
complains
pain. of chest
The client is tachycardic, place, and anxious and the nurse suspects air
What are the priority nursing actions? Select all
embolism.
that
1. administer
apply. oxygen to the
client
2. continue dialysis at a slower rate after checking the
lines
3. notify
for air
the HCP and
RRT
4. stop dialysis, and turn the client on the left side with head
lower
5. bolusthan
thefeet
client with 500 mL of normal saline to break up the air
embolus ) 1. administer oxygen to the
answers
( correct
3. notify the HCP and
client
RRT
4. stop dialysis, and turn the client on the left side with head
lower than feet
A client arrives at the emergency department with complaints of low
abdominal pain
hematuria. The client
and is afebrile. The nurse next assess the client to
determine
of which a history
1.
condition?
pyelonephritis
2.
3. trauma to the bladder or
glomerulonephritis
abdomen
4. renal cancer in the client's family ( correct answers ) 3. trauma to the
bladder or
abdome
n
The nurse discusses plans for future treatment options with a client with
symptomatic
polycystic kidney disease. Which treatment should be included in this
Select all that
discussion?
apply.
1.
2. peritoneal
hemodialysis
3. kidney
dialysis
4. bilateral
transplant
nephrectomy
GRADED
A+
,5. intense immunosuppression therapy ( correct answers ) 1.
3. kidney
hemodialysis
transplant
4. bilateral
nephrectomy
A client is admitted to the ED following a fall from a horse and the HCP
insertion of a urinary catheter. While preparing for the procedure, the nurse
prescribes
notes
at the blood
urinary meatus. The nurse should take which
1. notify the HCP before performing the
action?
catheterization
2. use a small-sized catheter and an anesthetic gel as a
3. administer parenteral pain medication before inserting
lubricant
theclean
4. catheter
the meatus with soap and water before opening the
catheterization
correct answerskit
) 1. notify the HCP before performing the catheterization
(
The nurse is assessing the patency of a client's left arm arteriovenous
initiating hemodialysis.
fistula prior to Which finding indicates that the fistula
is patent?
1. palpation of a thrill over the
fistula
2. presence of a radial pulse in the
3.
leftvisualization
wrist of enlarged blood vessels at the
fistula
4. site refill less than 3 seconds in the nail beds of the fingers on the
capillary
correct
left hand answers ) 1. palpation of a thrill over the fistula (
A male client ha a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The nurse should
for which
assess themanifestation
client of the
1. hematuria and
disorder?
pyuria
2. dysuria and
3. hematuria and
proteinuria
urgency
4. dysuria and penile discharge ( correct answers ) 4.
dysuria and penile discharge
The nurse is assessing a client with epididymitis. The nurse anticipates
which findings on physical examination?
1. fever, diarrhea, groin pain, and ecchymosis
2. nausea, painful scrotal edema, and ecchymosis
3. fever, nausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema
4. diarrhea, groin pain, testicular torsion, and scrotal ( correct answers )
fever,
edemanausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema
3.
A client complains of fever, perineal pain, and urinary urgency, frequency,
To
and assess whether the client's problem is related to bacterial prostatitis,
dysuria.
the nurse
reviews the results of the prostate examination for which characteristic of
1. soft
this and swollen prostate
disorder?
gland
2. swollen and boggy prostate
gland
3. tender and edematous prostate
gland
4. tender indurated prostate gland that is warm to the touch
tender
( correctindurated
answers prostate
) gland that is warm to 4.
the touch
GRADED
A+
, The nurse is collecting data from a client. Which symptom described by
characteristic
the client is of an early symptom of benign prostatic
hyperplasia?
1.
2. scrotal
nocturia
edema
3. occasional
4. decreased force in the stream of urine
constipation ( correct answers )
the stream of urine 4. decreased force in
The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis notes that the
is less than
client's the inflow. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all
outflow
that
1. apply.
check the level of the
drainage
2. reposition
bagthe client to his or
hercontact
3. side the
4. place the client in good body
HCP
alignment
5. check the peritoneal dialysis system
forincrease
6. kinks the flow rate of the peritoneal dialysis solution ( correct
answers ) 1.
check the level of the
2. reposition
drainage bagthe client to his or
herplace
4. side the client in good body
5. check the peritoneal dialysis system for kinks
alignment
A hemodialysis client with a left arm fistula is at risk for arterial steal
nurse should
syndrome. assess for which manifestations of this
The
1. warmth, redness, and pain in the
complication?
leftecchymosis
2. hand and audible bruit over the
3. edema and reddish discoloration of the
fistula
leftpallor,
4. arm diminished pulse, and pain in the left hand ( correct answers )
4. pallor, pulse, and pain in the left
diminished
hand
The nurse is reviewing a client's record and notes that HCP has
client has chronic
documented renal disease. On review of the lab results, the nurse
that the
most likely
would expect to note which
finding?
1. elevated creatinine
2. decreased hemoglobin
level
level
3. decreased RBC
4. increased number of WBCs in the urine
count ( correct answers )
level 1. elevated creatinine
A client with chronic kidney disease returns to the nursing unit following a
treatment. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client's temperature
hemodialysis
is 101.2
Which F.
nursing action is most
appropriate?
1. encourage fluid
intake
2. notify the
3. continue to monitor vital
HCP
signs
4. monitor the site of the shunt for ( correct answers ) 2. notify
infection the HCP
GRADED
A+
