BIOSCI 107 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
When the enzyme, transposase, is in operation (i.e. trying to recombine/rearrange other
genes), it is said to be operating in _____ - Answers :trans
what is the substrate used for RAG1 and RAG2 directed recombination?
a - recognition particles
b - recognition sequences
c - transposons
d - transposases
e - none of these are correct - Answers :b - recognition sequences
which of the following are recombination activation genes in the human genome?
A1BG
BRCA1
RAG1
RAG4
RAG5
RPG7
AK-47 - Answers :None of the options are correct
_____ is an enzyme that _____ have which act upon ______ and moves them
elsewhere. - Answers :.transposase; transposons; recognition sequences
true or false?
you are born with a massive repertoire of B and T lymphocytes. - Answers :true
true or false?
it is the rearrangement of the genes coding for the antigen receptors that causes each
lymphocyte to represent the same antigen specificity. - Answers :false
Which segment is present in the H gene locus but NOT in the Lk gene locus?
A - V Segments
B - D segments
C - C segments
D - J Segments - Answers :B - D segments
What did researchers find unexpected about the cystic fibrosis transport receptor
(CFTR) when they first discovered its structure?
a - It looks very similar to an ion channel.
b - It is a gated channel that involves passive diffusion of chloride, however, unlike
normal ion channels, ATP binding is possible when the R domain is phosphorylated by
adenylate cyclase.
,c - It is an active transporter because ATP is hydrolysed to open and close the carrier,
unlike how must ions are transported, which is via ion channels.
d - The presence of ATP hydrolysed S domains. - Answers :b - It is a gated channel that
involves passive diffusion of chloride, however, unlike normal ion channels, ATP binding
is possible when the R domain is phosphorylated by adenylate cyclase.
Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is correct?
a - diffusion is mediated by primary active transporters
b - diffusion is fast over small distances
c - the rate of diffusion increases as the surface area decreases
d - exhibits saturation as the concentration increases
e - molecules move against their concentration gradient - Answers :b - diffusion is fast
over small distances
Which of these lineages to form cells involved in innate immunity is correct?
a - Hemocytoblast -> Common Lymphoid Progenitor -> Small Lymphocyte -> T
lymphocyte
b - Hemocytoblast -> Common Lymphoid Progenitor -> B Lymphocyte -> Plasma Cell
c - Hemocytoblast -> Common myeloid progenitor -> Myeloblast -> Neutrophil
d - Hemocytoblast -> Common myeloid progenitor -> Myeloblast -> Eosinophil ->
Macrophage - Answers :c - Hemocytoblast -> Common myeloid progenitor ->
Myeloblast -> Neutrophil
Which cell responds to viruses (intracellular pathogen)?
a - FcR
b - CR1
c - IgG
d - CD8
e - TLR4 - Answers :d - CD8
Which blood cell lineage is the most related to innate immunity?
a - Erythroid
b - Myeloid
c - Lymphoid
d - Platelets - Answers :b – Myeloid
With regards to the Classical Complement system, please answer the following
question.
Which of the following are TRUE?
a - Anaphylatoxins are C4a, C3a, C2a and C5a
b - C1 cleaves C4 and C3 which proceed to cleave C2
c - C3a is an opsonin
d - C5 Convertase cleaves to form C5b which creates a platform to form the Membrane
attack complex
e - The complex system
,1. Cripples foreign microorganisms/cells
2. Activates immune system
3. Activates foreign microorganism proliferation
4. Causes Pathogen Lysis - Answers :d - C5 Convertase cleaves to form C5b which
creates a platform to form the Membrane attack complex
the most basic form of the Immunoglobulin molecule is the Ig-fold.
true or false? - Answers :true
what is the role of Helper T cells in immunity?
a - it is involved in passive immunity, and displays CD4 which recognises antigen
fragments associated with MHC II and secretes cytokines which cause apoptosis of the
target cell.
b - it is involved in cell-mediated immunity, and displays CD4 which recognises antigen
fragments associated with MHC I and secretes cytokines which act as a costimulator for
other T cells and B cells.
c - it is involved in passive immunity, and displays CD8 which recognises antigen
fragments involved with MHC II releasing granymes that cause cell apoptosis
d - it is involved in cell-mediated immunity, and displays CD4 which recognises antigen
fragments associated with MHC II and secretes cytokines which act as a costimulator
for other T cells and B cells.
e - it is involved in cell-mediated immunity, displays CD8 which recognises antigen
fragments involved with MHC I releasing granymes - Answers :d - it is involved in cell-
mediated immunity, and displays CD4 which recognises antigen fragments associated
with MHC II and secretes cytokines which act as a costimulator for other T cells and B
cells.
What is the function of coagulation?
a - replace mature blood cells
b - bind to the effector at the end of the immune system cell
c - clot the blood
d - maintains colloidal osmotic pressure
e - allows proteins to slow down in order to engulf bacteria - Answers :c - clot the blood
coagulation --> blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.
e.g a small tear can appear in the wall of a blood vessel. to prevent blood loss, platelets,
and coagulation factors will close the tear.
Which of these options best describe the role of albumin proteins?
a - Coats pathogen to aide in phagocytosis
, b - Type of zymogen protein and is required for coagulation
c - Binds to neutrophil integrins during the adhesion phase of neutrophil extravasation
d - Maintains osmotic pressure in blood
e - Proteins located on the surface of cells that allows for T-lymphocytes to recognise
'self' - Answers :d - Maintains osmotic pressure in blood
Albumin is the protein responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood by keeping
water in vessels due to its abundance. Albumin makes up 50% of all proteins in blood.
The only blood cells that are not considered to be part of the immune system are:
a - glial cells
b - osteocytes
c - fat cells
d - RBCs - Answers :d - RBCs
Which is NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons?
a - leaky channel
b - voltage-gated channel
c - ligand-gated channel
d - mechanically-gated channel
e - ion-gated channel - Answers :Which is NOT a type of channel used in production of
electrical signals in neurons?
What are Plasma cells derived from? - Answers :B lymphocytes
Granulocytes are from which blood lineage?
a - mast cells
b - B Lymphocytes
c - Natural killer cell (Large granular lymphocytes)
d - Myeloblast
e - Megakaryocyte - Answers :d - Myeloblast
Epithelial cells are held together at their luminal edges by... - Answers :Tight Junctions
Which of the following is true for active transport?
a - Active transport comes in three different forms. Primary, secondary and tertiary
active transporters.
b - Active transport moves substances down their concentration or electrochemical
gradients with only their kinetic energy.
c - Active transport an energy requiring process to move molecules and ions against
their concentration or electrochemical gradients.
d - Active transport has the analogy of the boat crossing from one ocean to another
which involves opening and closing of gates. - Answers :c - Active transport an energy
requiring process to move molecules and ions against their concentration or
electrochemical gradients.
When the enzyme, transposase, is in operation (i.e. trying to recombine/rearrange other
genes), it is said to be operating in _____ - Answers :trans
what is the substrate used for RAG1 and RAG2 directed recombination?
a - recognition particles
b - recognition sequences
c - transposons
d - transposases
e - none of these are correct - Answers :b - recognition sequences
which of the following are recombination activation genes in the human genome?
A1BG
BRCA1
RAG1
RAG4
RAG5
RPG7
AK-47 - Answers :None of the options are correct
_____ is an enzyme that _____ have which act upon ______ and moves them
elsewhere. - Answers :.transposase; transposons; recognition sequences
true or false?
you are born with a massive repertoire of B and T lymphocytes. - Answers :true
true or false?
it is the rearrangement of the genes coding for the antigen receptors that causes each
lymphocyte to represent the same antigen specificity. - Answers :false
Which segment is present in the H gene locus but NOT in the Lk gene locus?
A - V Segments
B - D segments
C - C segments
D - J Segments - Answers :B - D segments
What did researchers find unexpected about the cystic fibrosis transport receptor
(CFTR) when they first discovered its structure?
a - It looks very similar to an ion channel.
b - It is a gated channel that involves passive diffusion of chloride, however, unlike
normal ion channels, ATP binding is possible when the R domain is phosphorylated by
adenylate cyclase.
,c - It is an active transporter because ATP is hydrolysed to open and close the carrier,
unlike how must ions are transported, which is via ion channels.
d - The presence of ATP hydrolysed S domains. - Answers :b - It is a gated channel that
involves passive diffusion of chloride, however, unlike normal ion channels, ATP binding
is possible when the R domain is phosphorylated by adenylate cyclase.
Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is correct?
a - diffusion is mediated by primary active transporters
b - diffusion is fast over small distances
c - the rate of diffusion increases as the surface area decreases
d - exhibits saturation as the concentration increases
e - molecules move against their concentration gradient - Answers :b - diffusion is fast
over small distances
Which of these lineages to form cells involved in innate immunity is correct?
a - Hemocytoblast -> Common Lymphoid Progenitor -> Small Lymphocyte -> T
lymphocyte
b - Hemocytoblast -> Common Lymphoid Progenitor -> B Lymphocyte -> Plasma Cell
c - Hemocytoblast -> Common myeloid progenitor -> Myeloblast -> Neutrophil
d - Hemocytoblast -> Common myeloid progenitor -> Myeloblast -> Eosinophil ->
Macrophage - Answers :c - Hemocytoblast -> Common myeloid progenitor ->
Myeloblast -> Neutrophil
Which cell responds to viruses (intracellular pathogen)?
a - FcR
b - CR1
c - IgG
d - CD8
e - TLR4 - Answers :d - CD8
Which blood cell lineage is the most related to innate immunity?
a - Erythroid
b - Myeloid
c - Lymphoid
d - Platelets - Answers :b – Myeloid
With regards to the Classical Complement system, please answer the following
question.
Which of the following are TRUE?
a - Anaphylatoxins are C4a, C3a, C2a and C5a
b - C1 cleaves C4 and C3 which proceed to cleave C2
c - C3a is an opsonin
d - C5 Convertase cleaves to form C5b which creates a platform to form the Membrane
attack complex
e - The complex system
,1. Cripples foreign microorganisms/cells
2. Activates immune system
3. Activates foreign microorganism proliferation
4. Causes Pathogen Lysis - Answers :d - C5 Convertase cleaves to form C5b which
creates a platform to form the Membrane attack complex
the most basic form of the Immunoglobulin molecule is the Ig-fold.
true or false? - Answers :true
what is the role of Helper T cells in immunity?
a - it is involved in passive immunity, and displays CD4 which recognises antigen
fragments associated with MHC II and secretes cytokines which cause apoptosis of the
target cell.
b - it is involved in cell-mediated immunity, and displays CD4 which recognises antigen
fragments associated with MHC I and secretes cytokines which act as a costimulator for
other T cells and B cells.
c - it is involved in passive immunity, and displays CD8 which recognises antigen
fragments involved with MHC II releasing granymes that cause cell apoptosis
d - it is involved in cell-mediated immunity, and displays CD4 which recognises antigen
fragments associated with MHC II and secretes cytokines which act as a costimulator
for other T cells and B cells.
e - it is involved in cell-mediated immunity, displays CD8 which recognises antigen
fragments involved with MHC I releasing granymes - Answers :d - it is involved in cell-
mediated immunity, and displays CD4 which recognises antigen fragments associated
with MHC II and secretes cytokines which act as a costimulator for other T cells and B
cells.
What is the function of coagulation?
a - replace mature blood cells
b - bind to the effector at the end of the immune system cell
c - clot the blood
d - maintains colloidal osmotic pressure
e - allows proteins to slow down in order to engulf bacteria - Answers :c - clot the blood
coagulation --> blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.
e.g a small tear can appear in the wall of a blood vessel. to prevent blood loss, platelets,
and coagulation factors will close the tear.
Which of these options best describe the role of albumin proteins?
a - Coats pathogen to aide in phagocytosis
, b - Type of zymogen protein and is required for coagulation
c - Binds to neutrophil integrins during the adhesion phase of neutrophil extravasation
d - Maintains osmotic pressure in blood
e - Proteins located on the surface of cells that allows for T-lymphocytes to recognise
'self' - Answers :d - Maintains osmotic pressure in blood
Albumin is the protein responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood by keeping
water in vessels due to its abundance. Albumin makes up 50% of all proteins in blood.
The only blood cells that are not considered to be part of the immune system are:
a - glial cells
b - osteocytes
c - fat cells
d - RBCs - Answers :d - RBCs
Which is NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons?
a - leaky channel
b - voltage-gated channel
c - ligand-gated channel
d - mechanically-gated channel
e - ion-gated channel - Answers :Which is NOT a type of channel used in production of
electrical signals in neurons?
What are Plasma cells derived from? - Answers :B lymphocytes
Granulocytes are from which blood lineage?
a - mast cells
b - B Lymphocytes
c - Natural killer cell (Large granular lymphocytes)
d - Myeloblast
e - Megakaryocyte - Answers :d - Myeloblast
Epithelial cells are held together at their luminal edges by... - Answers :Tight Junctions
Which of the following is true for active transport?
a - Active transport comes in three different forms. Primary, secondary and tertiary
active transporters.
b - Active transport moves substances down their concentration or electrochemical
gradients with only their kinetic energy.
c - Active transport an energy requiring process to move molecules and ions against
their concentration or electrochemical gradients.
d - Active transport has the analogy of the boat crossing from one ocean to another
which involves opening and closing of gates. - Answers :c - Active transport an energy
requiring process to move molecules and ions against their concentration or
electrochemical gradients.
