PTAP 1240 || solved correctly.
Thermal correct answers (Types) deep heating agents, superficial heating agents, cooling agents.
(Examples) Ultrasound, diathermy, hot pack, ice pack.
Mechanical correct answers (Types) reaction, compression, water, sound. (Examples)
Mechanical traction, elastic bandage, stockings, whirlpool, ultrasound.
Electromagnetic correct answers (Types) Electromagnetic fields, electrical currents. (Examples)
Ultraviolet, laser, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).
Conduction correct answers 1. Energy exchange by direct collision between the molecules of two
materials at different temperatures
Modalities that use conduction:
A. Hot pack or warm paraffin—heat from the agent to the patient
B. Ice pack—heat from the patient to the agent
Convection correct answers 2. Heat transfer by direct contact between a circulating medium with
another material of a different temperature
a. Modalities that use convection: whirlpool and fluidotherapy
Conversion correct answers 2. Heat transfer by conversion involves conversion of a nonthermal
form of energy such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy into heat.
. Modalities that use conversion: Ultrasound and diathermy
Radiation correct answers 2. the transfer of energy from a material with a higher temperature to
one with a lower temperature without an intervening medium or contact.
. Modalities that use radiation: Infrared (IR) lamps
, Evaporation correct answers 2. A material must absorb energy to evaporate, or change from a
liquid to a gas, or vapor.
. Modalities that use evaporation: vapocoolant
Physical agents Contras correct answers • Pregnancy
• Malignancy
• Pacemaker or other implanted electronic device
• Impaired sensation
•Impaired mentation
Cryotherapy Contras correct answers • Cold hypersensitivity (cold-included urticaria)
• Cold intolerance
• Cryoglobulinemia
• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
• Raynaud disease peripheral nerves
•Over an area with circulatory compromise or peripheral vascular disease
Cryotherapy PREC correct answers • Over the superficial main branch of a nerve
• Over an open wound
• Hypertension
• Poor sensation or mentation
•Very young and very old patients
Thermotherapy Contras correct answers • Recent of potential hemorrhage
• Thrombophlebitis
• Impaired sensation
• Impaired mentation
Thermal correct answers (Types) deep heating agents, superficial heating agents, cooling agents.
(Examples) Ultrasound, diathermy, hot pack, ice pack.
Mechanical correct answers (Types) reaction, compression, water, sound. (Examples)
Mechanical traction, elastic bandage, stockings, whirlpool, ultrasound.
Electromagnetic correct answers (Types) Electromagnetic fields, electrical currents. (Examples)
Ultraviolet, laser, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).
Conduction correct answers 1. Energy exchange by direct collision between the molecules of two
materials at different temperatures
Modalities that use conduction:
A. Hot pack or warm paraffin—heat from the agent to the patient
B. Ice pack—heat from the patient to the agent
Convection correct answers 2. Heat transfer by direct contact between a circulating medium with
another material of a different temperature
a. Modalities that use convection: whirlpool and fluidotherapy
Conversion correct answers 2. Heat transfer by conversion involves conversion of a nonthermal
form of energy such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy into heat.
. Modalities that use conversion: Ultrasound and diathermy
Radiation correct answers 2. the transfer of energy from a material with a higher temperature to
one with a lower temperature without an intervening medium or contact.
. Modalities that use radiation: Infrared (IR) lamps
, Evaporation correct answers 2. A material must absorb energy to evaporate, or change from a
liquid to a gas, or vapor.
. Modalities that use evaporation: vapocoolant
Physical agents Contras correct answers • Pregnancy
• Malignancy
• Pacemaker or other implanted electronic device
• Impaired sensation
•Impaired mentation
Cryotherapy Contras correct answers • Cold hypersensitivity (cold-included urticaria)
• Cold intolerance
• Cryoglobulinemia
• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
• Raynaud disease peripheral nerves
•Over an area with circulatory compromise or peripheral vascular disease
Cryotherapy PREC correct answers • Over the superficial main branch of a nerve
• Over an open wound
• Hypertension
• Poor sensation or mentation
•Very young and very old patients
Thermotherapy Contras correct answers • Recent of potential hemorrhage
• Thrombophlebitis
• Impaired sensation
• Impaired mentation
