MICROBIOLOGY LECTURE DR. HAROLD
KAY NJEMANZE HCC FINAL EXAM
REVIEW 100% ACCURATE
,Definition of pathogens* - ANSWER"disease causing organism"..
.Parasitic Microorganisms Parasites live in or on the body of a
host, which they usually harm to some degree. Parasites inclined to
cause damage to tissues (disease) or even death
Decomposers* - ANSWERmicroorganism that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead
matter and waste (saprobes)
Genetic engineering* - ANSWERWhen humans manipulate the genes of microorganism
Biotechnology* - ANSWERthe branch of molecular biology that studies the use of
microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes
Characteristics of viruses* - ANSWER1. obligate, intracellular parasites. VIRUSES
INFECT EVERYTHING
2. Acellular. not cell-like
3. ultramicroscopic
4. shape may be simple, icosahedral, enveloped, naked, complex, or helical
5. do not have the characteristics of life
6. inactive when outside the host cell
7. basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid (core)
8. nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but never both
9. nucleic acid can be dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, or ssRNA
10. viruses are specific to host cells
11. multiplies by taking control of host cell' metabolic activities
Phylogeny* - ANSWERthe development or evolution of a particular group of organisms.
The first phylogenetic trees of life were constructed on the basis of
just two kingdoms (plants and animals).
Helminthes* - ANSWERworms: Tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms
Taxonomic hierarchy* - ANSWER...The formal system for organizing,
classifying, and naming living things.
Bioremediation* - ANSWER...This process involves the introduction of microbes into the
environment
to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants. "Which process involves the deliberate
alteration in an organism's
genetic material?"
Six I's of studying microbiology* - ANSWER1.Inoculation
2.Incubation
, 3.Isolation
4.Inspection
5.Information gathering
6.Identification
Types of microbial media* - ANSWERselective
enriched
differential
Medium for fastidious bacteria* - ANSWERenriched medium
Selective medium* - ANSWERmedium that encourage the growth of one species.
Differential medium* - ANSWER...allowing the growth of more than one microbe while
using physical properties to identify it
Medium with thioglycolic acid* - ANSWERReduce oxygen concentration to test for
anaerobic microbes
Mannitol salt agar* - ANSWERis used to identify staph. It is a form of selective media.
Resolving power/resolution* - ANSWERclarity. minimal distance between two objects
and which objects are still indistinguishable as separate objects
macronutrient* - ANSWER...required in relatively
large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism.
Examples of macronutrients are proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
Micronutrient* - ANSWER...or trace elements, such as manganese,
zinc, and nickel are present in much smaller amounts and are involved
in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.
What constitutes a micronutrient can vary from one microbe to
Trace element* - ANSWER...a micronutrient
Phototroph* - ANSWER.microbes
that photosynthesize "the term _____ refers to an organism that gets energy from
sunlight"
Heterotrophy* - ANSWERan organism that depends on other sources for its carbon
Chemotroph* - ANSWERmicrobes that OXIDIZE chemical compounds. "an organism
that uses chemicals for energy, rather than light"
KAY NJEMANZE HCC FINAL EXAM
REVIEW 100% ACCURATE
,Definition of pathogens* - ANSWER"disease causing organism"..
.Parasitic Microorganisms Parasites live in or on the body of a
host, which they usually harm to some degree. Parasites inclined to
cause damage to tissues (disease) or even death
Decomposers* - ANSWERmicroorganism that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead
matter and waste (saprobes)
Genetic engineering* - ANSWERWhen humans manipulate the genes of microorganism
Biotechnology* - ANSWERthe branch of molecular biology that studies the use of
microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes
Characteristics of viruses* - ANSWER1. obligate, intracellular parasites. VIRUSES
INFECT EVERYTHING
2. Acellular. not cell-like
3. ultramicroscopic
4. shape may be simple, icosahedral, enveloped, naked, complex, or helical
5. do not have the characteristics of life
6. inactive when outside the host cell
7. basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid (core)
8. nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but never both
9. nucleic acid can be dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, or ssRNA
10. viruses are specific to host cells
11. multiplies by taking control of host cell' metabolic activities
Phylogeny* - ANSWERthe development or evolution of a particular group of organisms.
The first phylogenetic trees of life were constructed on the basis of
just two kingdoms (plants and animals).
Helminthes* - ANSWERworms: Tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms
Taxonomic hierarchy* - ANSWER...The formal system for organizing,
classifying, and naming living things.
Bioremediation* - ANSWER...This process involves the introduction of microbes into the
environment
to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants. "Which process involves the deliberate
alteration in an organism's
genetic material?"
Six I's of studying microbiology* - ANSWER1.Inoculation
2.Incubation
, 3.Isolation
4.Inspection
5.Information gathering
6.Identification
Types of microbial media* - ANSWERselective
enriched
differential
Medium for fastidious bacteria* - ANSWERenriched medium
Selective medium* - ANSWERmedium that encourage the growth of one species.
Differential medium* - ANSWER...allowing the growth of more than one microbe while
using physical properties to identify it
Medium with thioglycolic acid* - ANSWERReduce oxygen concentration to test for
anaerobic microbes
Mannitol salt agar* - ANSWERis used to identify staph. It is a form of selective media.
Resolving power/resolution* - ANSWERclarity. minimal distance between two objects
and which objects are still indistinguishable as separate objects
macronutrient* - ANSWER...required in relatively
large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism.
Examples of macronutrients are proteins, carbohydrates,
and other molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
Micronutrient* - ANSWER...or trace elements, such as manganese,
zinc, and nickel are present in much smaller amounts and are involved
in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.
What constitutes a micronutrient can vary from one microbe to
Trace element* - ANSWER...a micronutrient
Phototroph* - ANSWER.microbes
that photosynthesize "the term _____ refers to an organism that gets energy from
sunlight"
Heterotrophy* - ANSWERan organism that depends on other sources for its carbon
Chemotroph* - ANSWERmicrobes that OXIDIZE chemical compounds. "an organism
that uses chemicals for energy, rather than light"
