Unit 1: Levels of Organization & Chemical
Fundamentals (Questions 1–8)
1. Which level of structural organization involves
groups of similar cells performing a common
function?
A. Organ level
B. Cellular level
C. Tissue level
D. System level
Answer: C
Rationale: A tissue is a group of similar cells that
work together to perform a specific activity.
(OpenStax)
2. Homeostasis is best defined as the body’s ability
to:
A. Grow and develop
B. Maintain a stable internal environment
C. Reproduce at the cellular level
D. Perform metabolism
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of
a stable internal environment despite external
changes. (OpenStax, Wikipedia)
3. An ionic bond is formed when:
A. Two atoms share electrons
B. One atom donates electrons to another
, C. Electrons are delocalized across a lattice
D. Molecules undergo hydrolysis
Answer: B
Rationale: Ionic bonds arise from the transfer of
electrons from one atom to another, creating charged
ions attracted to each other. (OpenStax)
4. Which inorganic compound is most important for
maintaining blood pH and buffering?
A. Glucose
B. Amino acids
C. Bicarbonate
D. Fatty acids
Answer: C
Rationale: Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) is the primary
extracellular buffer that helps maintain blood pH.
(OpenStax)
5. Which organelle is the site of ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most of the cell’s
ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. (OpenStax)
6. During mitosis, DNA replication occurs in which
phase?
A. Prophase
, B. Metaphase
C. S phase of interphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C
Rationale: DNA synthesis and chromosome
replication occur during the S (synthesis) phase of
interphase. (OpenStax)
7. Which tissue type is characterized by cells
embedded in a large extracellular matrix?
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Muscle
D. Nervous
Answer: B
Rationale: Connective tissues feature abundant
extracellular matrix that supports and protects organs.
(OpenStax)
8. Which epithelial cell shape is flat and ideal for
diffusion?
A. Cuboidal
B. Columnar
C. Squamous
D. Transitional
Answer: C
Rationale: Squamous cells are thin and flat,
facilitating rapid diffusion (e.g., in lung alveoli).
(OpenStax)
Fundamentals (Questions 1–8)
1. Which level of structural organization involves
groups of similar cells performing a common
function?
A. Organ level
B. Cellular level
C. Tissue level
D. System level
Answer: C
Rationale: A tissue is a group of similar cells that
work together to perform a specific activity.
(OpenStax)
2. Homeostasis is best defined as the body’s ability
to:
A. Grow and develop
B. Maintain a stable internal environment
C. Reproduce at the cellular level
D. Perform metabolism
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of
a stable internal environment despite external
changes. (OpenStax, Wikipedia)
3. An ionic bond is formed when:
A. Two atoms share electrons
B. One atom donates electrons to another
, C. Electrons are delocalized across a lattice
D. Molecules undergo hydrolysis
Answer: B
Rationale: Ionic bonds arise from the transfer of
electrons from one atom to another, creating charged
ions attracted to each other. (OpenStax)
4. Which inorganic compound is most important for
maintaining blood pH and buffering?
A. Glucose
B. Amino acids
C. Bicarbonate
D. Fatty acids
Answer: C
Rationale: Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) is the primary
extracellular buffer that helps maintain blood pH.
(OpenStax)
5. Which organelle is the site of ATP production?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria generate most of the cell’s
ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. (OpenStax)
6. During mitosis, DNA replication occurs in which
phase?
A. Prophase
, B. Metaphase
C. S phase of interphase
D. Telophase
Answer: C
Rationale: DNA synthesis and chromosome
replication occur during the S (synthesis) phase of
interphase. (OpenStax)
7. Which tissue type is characterized by cells
embedded in a large extracellular matrix?
A. Epithelial
B. Connective
C. Muscle
D. Nervous
Answer: B
Rationale: Connective tissues feature abundant
extracellular matrix that supports and protects organs.
(OpenStax)
8. Which epithelial cell shape is flat and ideal for
diffusion?
A. Cuboidal
B. Columnar
C. Squamous
D. Transitional
Answer: C
Rationale: Squamous cells are thin and flat,
facilitating rapid diffusion (e.g., in lung alveoli).
(OpenStax)
