NUR 529 Exam 2 Questions With Complete
Solutions
3 major complications of urinary tract obstruction
Correct Answers kidney failure
infection
hydronephrosis
3 stages of hemostasis Correct Answers 1.
vascular constriction
2. formation of platelet plug
3. blood coagulation
4 most common causes of urinary tract obstruction
Correct Answers 1. renal calculi (most common
cause of upper urinary tract obstruction)
2. pregnancy
3. tumors (renal structure dilation, hormonal
changes, pressure from enlarging uterus, and
bladder displacement)
4. prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate gland
compressing urethra)
action of loop, thiazide, and potassium sparing
diuretics Correct Answers block reabsorption of
sodium in the renal tubules
**drugs that work earlier in the tubules have ability
to block more reabsorption
,action of osmotic diuretics Correct Answers
filtered but not reabsorbed; cause water to be
retained in urine filtrate and promote water
diuresis
Acute Regulation of blood pressure Correct
Answers -relies on neural (most rapid response)
and humoral mechanisms
Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function Correct
Answers -regulation of cardiac function is
mediated through intrinsic circulatory reflexes
(baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes),
extrinsic reflexes (pain or cold), and neural control
pathways--> sympathetic response is channeled
through the hypothalamus
-neural control centers for modulation of cardiac
function and blood pressure are located bilaterally
in medulla oblongata
-vasomotor center controls sympathetic-mediated
ACCELERATION of heart rate and blood vessel tone
causing increased peripheral vascular resistance
and an increase in velocity and force of
contractility which ultimately increases CO;
sympathetic fibers widely distributed in SA and AV
nodes and myocardium
-cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic-
mediated SLOWING of the heart rate;
parasympathetic innervation (slowing) achieved by
means of vagus nerve
,Bleeding associated with platelet disorders reflects:
Correct Answers decrease in platelet number
because of:
1. decreased production (bone marrow
dysfunction)
2. increased destruction (thrombocytopenia)
3. impaired function of platelets
(thrombocytopathia)
blood loss anemia is characterized by Correct
Answers loss of iron containing blood cells in body
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Correct Answers -urea
is end product of protein metabolism, with blood
levels regulated by kidneys
-unlike creatinine, BUN is also influenced by protein
intake, GI bleeding, and hydration status
-approx. 2/3 of renal function must be lost before
significant rise in BUN
bronchiolitis Correct Answers acute bronchiolitis is
a viral infection of the lower airways, most
commonly caused by RSV, producing inflammatory
obstruction of small airways and necrosis of cells
lining the lower airways; usually occurs during first
2 years of life with peak incidence between 3-6
months old; most have hx of mild upper respiratory
tract infection; most critical phase first 48-72 hrs
, BUN-creatinine ratio Correct Answers normal
(10:1)
ratios > 15:1 indicate prerenal conditions (CHF,
upper GI bleed) that produce increase in BUN but
not creatinine
ratios < 10:1 occurs in liver disease, low-protein
diet, or chronic dialysis (BUN more readily
dialyzable than Cr)
cardiac cachexia Correct Answers a condition of
malnutrition and tissue wasting that occurs in
people with end-stage heart failure
Causes of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
Correct Answers usually occurs after infection with
certain strains of group A beta-hemolytic
streptococci and is caused by deposition of
immune complexes of antibody and bacterial
antigens>> classic case follows strep infection by
approx. 7-12 days
can also occur after infection of other organisms:
staphylococci, viral agents (hepatitis), and various
parasites
causes of left sided heart failure Correct Answers
systolic or diastolic dysfunction
LV myocardial infarction, hypertension, aortic or
mitral valve stenosis or insufficiency
Solutions
3 major complications of urinary tract obstruction
Correct Answers kidney failure
infection
hydronephrosis
3 stages of hemostasis Correct Answers 1.
vascular constriction
2. formation of platelet plug
3. blood coagulation
4 most common causes of urinary tract obstruction
Correct Answers 1. renal calculi (most common
cause of upper urinary tract obstruction)
2. pregnancy
3. tumors (renal structure dilation, hormonal
changes, pressure from enlarging uterus, and
bladder displacement)
4. prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate gland
compressing urethra)
action of loop, thiazide, and potassium sparing
diuretics Correct Answers block reabsorption of
sodium in the renal tubules
**drugs that work earlier in the tubules have ability
to block more reabsorption
,action of osmotic diuretics Correct Answers
filtered but not reabsorbed; cause water to be
retained in urine filtrate and promote water
diuresis
Acute Regulation of blood pressure Correct
Answers -relies on neural (most rapid response)
and humoral mechanisms
Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function Correct
Answers -regulation of cardiac function is
mediated through intrinsic circulatory reflexes
(baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes),
extrinsic reflexes (pain or cold), and neural control
pathways--> sympathetic response is channeled
through the hypothalamus
-neural control centers for modulation of cardiac
function and blood pressure are located bilaterally
in medulla oblongata
-vasomotor center controls sympathetic-mediated
ACCELERATION of heart rate and blood vessel tone
causing increased peripheral vascular resistance
and an increase in velocity and force of
contractility which ultimately increases CO;
sympathetic fibers widely distributed in SA and AV
nodes and myocardium
-cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic-
mediated SLOWING of the heart rate;
parasympathetic innervation (slowing) achieved by
means of vagus nerve
,Bleeding associated with platelet disorders reflects:
Correct Answers decrease in platelet number
because of:
1. decreased production (bone marrow
dysfunction)
2. increased destruction (thrombocytopenia)
3. impaired function of platelets
(thrombocytopathia)
blood loss anemia is characterized by Correct
Answers loss of iron containing blood cells in body
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Correct Answers -urea
is end product of protein metabolism, with blood
levels regulated by kidneys
-unlike creatinine, BUN is also influenced by protein
intake, GI bleeding, and hydration status
-approx. 2/3 of renal function must be lost before
significant rise in BUN
bronchiolitis Correct Answers acute bronchiolitis is
a viral infection of the lower airways, most
commonly caused by RSV, producing inflammatory
obstruction of small airways and necrosis of cells
lining the lower airways; usually occurs during first
2 years of life with peak incidence between 3-6
months old; most have hx of mild upper respiratory
tract infection; most critical phase first 48-72 hrs
, BUN-creatinine ratio Correct Answers normal
(10:1)
ratios > 15:1 indicate prerenal conditions (CHF,
upper GI bleed) that produce increase in BUN but
not creatinine
ratios < 10:1 occurs in liver disease, low-protein
diet, or chronic dialysis (BUN more readily
dialyzable than Cr)
cardiac cachexia Correct Answers a condition of
malnutrition and tissue wasting that occurs in
people with end-stage heart failure
Causes of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
Correct Answers usually occurs after infection with
certain strains of group A beta-hemolytic
streptococci and is caused by deposition of
immune complexes of antibody and bacterial
antigens>> classic case follows strep infection by
approx. 7-12 days
can also occur after infection of other organisms:
staphylococci, viral agents (hepatitis), and various
parasites
causes of left sided heart failure Correct Answers
systolic or diastolic dysfunction
LV myocardial infarction, hypertension, aortic or
mitral valve stenosis or insufficiency
