Advanced Pathophysiology Nurs611 EXAM I
Questions With Complete Solutions
1. How is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia?
Correct Answers Insulin transports potassium from
the blood to the cell along with glucose. Insulin
contributes to the regulation of plasma potassium
levels by stimulating the Na+, K+- ATPase pump,
thereby promoting the movement of potassium
into liver and muscle cells simultaneously with
glucose transport after eating. The intracellular
movement of potassium prevents an acute
hyperkalemia related to food intake. Insulin also
can be used to treat hyperkalemia.
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 119)
2. Hyperaldosteronism causes which fluid and
electrolyte imbalances? Correct Answers
Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume
excess.
Hyperaldosteronism promotes (1) increased renal
sodium and water reabsorption with corresponding
hypervolemia and hypertension and (2) renal
excretion of potassium.
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 755)
3. What mechanisms cause hypernatremia?
Correct Answers • Inadequate intake of free water
associated with total body sodium depletion.
, • Excessive losses of water from the urinary tract
that leads to a combination of sodium and free
water losses.
• Water losses associated with extreme sweating.
• Severe watery diarrhea
• Excessive excretion of water from the kidneys or
impaired responsiveness of the kidneys to
vasopressin.
1. Excessive hypertonic salt solutions
2. Intravenous hypertonic sodium
3. Saline - induced abortions
4. Selected infant formulas
5. Hyperaldosteronism
6. Cushing Syndrome
(McCance & Huether, 2014, Table 3-7, p. 111)
4. Which buffers work the fastest (in minutes to
hours)? Correct Answers Bicarbonate/Carbonic
acid (HCO3/H2CO3)
(McCance & Huether, 2014, Table 3-11, p. 123)
5. Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the
perception of thirst are stimulated by a(n) what?
Correct Answers Increase in plasma osmolality.
Feedback mechanism and baroreceptors
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 109)
Questions With Complete Solutions
1. How is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia?
Correct Answers Insulin transports potassium from
the blood to the cell along with glucose. Insulin
contributes to the regulation of plasma potassium
levels by stimulating the Na+, K+- ATPase pump,
thereby promoting the movement of potassium
into liver and muscle cells simultaneously with
glucose transport after eating. The intracellular
movement of potassium prevents an acute
hyperkalemia related to food intake. Insulin also
can be used to treat hyperkalemia.
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 119)
2. Hyperaldosteronism causes which fluid and
electrolyte imbalances? Correct Answers
Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume
excess.
Hyperaldosteronism promotes (1) increased renal
sodium and water reabsorption with corresponding
hypervolemia and hypertension and (2) renal
excretion of potassium.
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 755)
3. What mechanisms cause hypernatremia?
Correct Answers • Inadequate intake of free water
associated with total body sodium depletion.
, • Excessive losses of water from the urinary tract
that leads to a combination of sodium and free
water losses.
• Water losses associated with extreme sweating.
• Severe watery diarrhea
• Excessive excretion of water from the kidneys or
impaired responsiveness of the kidneys to
vasopressin.
1. Excessive hypertonic salt solutions
2. Intravenous hypertonic sodium
3. Saline - induced abortions
4. Selected infant formulas
5. Hyperaldosteronism
6. Cushing Syndrome
(McCance & Huether, 2014, Table 3-7, p. 111)
4. Which buffers work the fastest (in minutes to
hours)? Correct Answers Bicarbonate/Carbonic
acid (HCO3/H2CO3)
(McCance & Huether, 2014, Table 3-11, p. 123)
5. Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the
perception of thirst are stimulated by a(n) what?
Correct Answers Increase in plasma osmolality.
Feedback mechanism and baroreceptors
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 109)
