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CNIT 176 Exam 1 with verified detailed solutions

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CNIT 176 Exam 1 with verified detailed solutions

Institution
CNIT 176
Course
CNIT 176










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Institution
CNIT 176
Course
CNIT 176

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Uploaded on
May 8, 2025
Number of pages
24
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Exam (elaborations)
Contains
Questions & answers

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CNIT 176 Exam 1 with verified detailed
solutions

Model - Correct answer ✔Breaking down the layers of a computing system to think about how
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it functions
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Task - Correct answer ✔The goal of the program
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Algorithm - Correct answer ✔Steps needed to complete the task |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Program - Correct answer ✔Translating each step of algorithm to lines of code
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Instruction Set Architecture - Correct answer ✔Translating processor independent (human |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




readable) to processor dependent (bytecode/binary) code |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Microarchitecture - Correct answer ✔Connecting small hardware components |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Logic Gates - Correct answer ✔Elementary building block of a digital circuit
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Devices - Correct answer ✔Network of transistors (which makes up a logic gate) that have a
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charge that can be manipulated by electrons and interpreted as 1's or 0's
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Abstraction - Correct answer ✔Mental model that removes complex details |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Binary Input - Correct answer ✔Begins as discrete input, then keyboard generates binary
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number code for each key (ex. "A 1 + 2 = 3 math") |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,Analog - Correct answer ✔Continuous data (sounds, images) that requires hardware to
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convert into binary |||||| ||||||




Alphanumeric - Correct answer ✔Unicode, ASCII, EBCDIC |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Image (Bitmapped) - Correct answer ✔GIF, TIFF, PNG
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Image (Object) - Correct answer ✔PostScript, JPEG, SWF, SVG
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Outline Graphics and Fonts - Correct answer ✔PostScript, TrueType
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Sound - Correct answer ✔WAV, AVI, MP3, MIDI, WMA
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Page Description - Correct answer ✔PDF, HTML, XML
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Video - Correct answer ✔MP4, OGG, MPEG-4, WMV, QuickTime
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Integer - Correct answer ✔Whole number |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Real number - Correct answer ✔Contains a decimal point
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BCD - Correct answer ✔Binary-coded decimal, 6-bit, early implementation of character codes
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by IBM
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EBCDIC - Correct answer ✔Extended binary-coded decimal interchange code, 8-bit, one of the
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first widely-used computer codes that supported upper and lowercase alphabetic characters
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and special characters
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, ASCII - Correct answer ✔American Standard Code for Information Interchange, 7-bit,
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numerical representation of Latin alphabet, Arabic numerals, standard punctuation characters
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Collating Sequence - Correct answer ✔ASCII: numbers collate first
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EBCDIC: numbers collate last |||||| |||||| ||||||




Unicode - Correct answer ✔16-bit, encodes the characters of every language in the world
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Compression - Correct answer ✔Recoding data so that it requires fewer bytes of storage |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Compression Ratio - Correct answer ✔Amount the file size is reduced |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Lossless - Correct answer ✔Inverse algorithm restores data to exact original form
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Lossy - Correct answer ✔Trades off data degradation for file size and download speed
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Bitmap (Raster) Images - Correct answer ✔Photos and paintings with continuous variation,
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each individual pixel in a graphic is stored as a binary number
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Object (Vector) Images - Correct answer ✔Composed of graphical objects like lines and curves
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defined geometrically, can be scales without losing quality
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Monochrome - Correct answer ✔Black or white, 1 bit/pixel |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Gray Scale - Correct answer ✔254 shades of gray, 1 byte/pixel
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Color Graphics - Correct answer ✔16 colors, 256 colors, or 24-bit true color (16.7 million
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colors); 4, 8, and 24 bits respectively
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