NCTRC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are essential Marketing Variables? (Marketing Mix) - Correct Answers -The
marketing mix are the tools used to implement the marketing strategy and are
commonly referred to as the "Four Ps" of marketing: Product, Place, Price, and
Promotion. The process of developing a comprehensive marketing program, effectively
communicating, and delivering what the customer values incorporates the strategies
managers utilize; planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. To build the customer
relationship, the marketer transforms a marketing strategy into action by determining the
marketing mix
EBP - Correct Answers -Evidence Based Practice - EBP means conducting or using
research results to inform the design and delivery of TR practice. EBP provides a strong
connection between research results (the greater the quantity and quality of studies, the
better) and programs and services delivered to clients. Using the best research
information possible in addressing client needs and getting to client outcomes is the
overall aim of EBP. Evidence-based practice can be described as the selection of
treatments for which there is some evidence of efficacy. The use of EBP should
increase each professional's confidence that the services they provide are the most
meaningful, most targeted, and most successful approaches possible
GRIT-S - Correct Answers -GRIT-S Short Grit Scale is a strengths assessment
instrument is an 8-item scale that measures trait level perseverance and passion for
long-term goals.
PAR-Q+ - Correct Answers -the physical activity readiness questionnaire - a seven-item
physical fitness evidence based assessment administered before clients undergo
physical activity. No age restrictions, client can fill it out, or it can be done in an
interview.
PROMS - Correct Answers -Patient reported outcome measures; an emerging
innovation in assessment and evaluation, and fits with the client-centered approach that
emphasizes involvement in their own care. looks at what matters most to patients rather
than what researchers or clinicians think are the most important aspects. It captures the
client's perspectives on the impact of their disease or disorder, etc.
Reliability - Correct Answers -Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure (whether
the results can be reproduced under the same conditions). Reliability of test scores can
,be estimated in three ways: stability measures (How stable is the instrument over
time?), equivalency measures (How closely correlated are two or more forms of the
same assessment?), and internal consistency measures (How closely are items on the
assessment related?)
Validity - Correct Answers -Validity refers to the accuracy of a measure (whether the
results really do represent what they are supposed to measure). Can the results be
interpreted as an accurate representation of the phenomenon being assessed? Does it
test what it set out to test?
criterion-related validity - how does it compare it some previously established criterion?
construct validity - how well it reflects the construct that underlies the assessment. (A
construct is a theoretical concept, theme, or idea based on empirical observations. It's a
variable that's usually not directly measurable. i.e. self-esteem, social anxiety, etc).
Define Risk Transfer - Correct Answers -Risk transfer is a risk management technique
that involves transferring the risk of injury or property damage. Here are some examples
of risk transfer:
Insurance (An individual or entity purchases insurance to protect against financial risks.
For example, a person buying car insurance is shifting the risk of financial loss from the
incident to the insurance company.)
Contractual requirements
(A party is required to provide insurance coverage for another party's benefit. For
example, a commercial property tenant might assume the risk of keeping sidewalks
clear, while an apartment complex might transfer the risk of theft to a security
company.)
A hold harmless clause, also known as a hold harmless agreement (HHA), is a contract
provision that protects one party from being held responsible for property damage or
injury caused by another party. For example, a lease may include a clause where the
tenant agrees not to sue the landlord if they are injured
Joint ventures
(Organizations collaborate with other organizations to share resources, expertise, and
responsibility, while evenly distributing the risk between both parties.)
Which risk management strategy involves increasing liability insurance coverage to
cover anticipated incidents - Correct Answers -Retention - The keeping of risk is
retention (e.g., fee adjustments, self-insurance). There will always be risk, and the
organization accepts there might be an unexpected occurrence, yet harm might not be
significant or often enough to be of major concern e.g., abrasions from being hit by a
ball or falling while flying a kite
What are the eight instructional strategies/facilitation techniques that the recreational
therapist can assume? - Correct Answers -controller, director, instigator, stimulator,
educator, advisor, observer, and enabler (Avedon, 1974). The controller exercises a
high level of control over clients, making all decisions regarding the activities of the
group. The director still holds most of the power and leads the activities of the group but
allows clients latitude in decision making. The instigator incites action on the part of the
, group and then withdraws, leaving the group members in control. The stimulator begins
activities by generating interest on the part of clients and then helps maintain this
interest by encouraging participation. The educator instructs clients in activities and
social skills. The advisor provides counseling and guidance to clients. The observer
provides leadership by their presence and evaluates and reacts to clients' responses.
The enabler role fits well into the laissez-faire style, in which the leader simply provides
opportunities for participation in activities that clients determine.
ATRA code of ethics - Correct Answers -The American Therapeutic Recreation
Association's Code of Ethics is to be used as a guide for promoting and maintaining the
highest standards of ethical behavior. The Code applies to all Recreational Therapy
personnel.
1: BENEFICENCE 2: NON-MALEFICENCE 3: AUTONOMY
4: JUSTICE 5: FIDELITY 6: VERACITY 7: INFORMED CONSENT
8: CONFIDENTIALITY & PRIVACY 9: COMPETENCE 10: COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS
AND REGULATIONS
Beneficence - code of ethics - Correct Answers -1. Recreational Therapy personnel
shall treat persons served in an ethical manner by actively making efforts to provide for
their well-being by maximizing possible benefits and relieving, lessening, or minimizing
possible harm.
Non-Maleficence - code of ethics - Correct Answers -2. Recreational Therapy personnel
have an obligation to use their knowledge, skills, abilities, and judgment to help persons
while respecting their decisions and protecting them from harm. Non-Maleficence -
there is an obligation not to inflict harm on others.
Autonomy - code of ethics - Correct Answers -3. AUTONOMY
Recreational Therapy personnel have a duty to preserve and protect the right of each
individual to make his/her own choices. Each individual is to be given the opportunity to
determine his/her own course of action in accordance with a plan freely chosen. In the
case of individuals who are unable to exercise autonomy with regard to their care,
recreational therapy personnel have the duty to respect the decisions of their qualified
legal representative.
Justice - code of ethics - Correct Answers -4. JUSTICE
Recreational Therapy personnel are responsible for ensuring that individuals are served
fairly and that there is equity in the distribution of services. Individuals should receive
services without regard to race, color, creed, gender, sexual orientation, age,
disease/disability, social and financial status.
Fidelity - code of ethics - Correct Answers -5: FIDELITY
Recreational Therapy personnel have an obligation, first and foremost, to be loyal,
faithful, and meet commitments made to persons receiving services. In addition,
Recreational Therapy personnel have a secondary obligation to colleagues, agencies,
and the profession.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are essential Marketing Variables? (Marketing Mix) - Correct Answers -The
marketing mix are the tools used to implement the marketing strategy and are
commonly referred to as the "Four Ps" of marketing: Product, Place, Price, and
Promotion. The process of developing a comprehensive marketing program, effectively
communicating, and delivering what the customer values incorporates the strategies
managers utilize; planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. To build the customer
relationship, the marketer transforms a marketing strategy into action by determining the
marketing mix
EBP - Correct Answers -Evidence Based Practice - EBP means conducting or using
research results to inform the design and delivery of TR practice. EBP provides a strong
connection between research results (the greater the quantity and quality of studies, the
better) and programs and services delivered to clients. Using the best research
information possible in addressing client needs and getting to client outcomes is the
overall aim of EBP. Evidence-based practice can be described as the selection of
treatments for which there is some evidence of efficacy. The use of EBP should
increase each professional's confidence that the services they provide are the most
meaningful, most targeted, and most successful approaches possible
GRIT-S - Correct Answers -GRIT-S Short Grit Scale is a strengths assessment
instrument is an 8-item scale that measures trait level perseverance and passion for
long-term goals.
PAR-Q+ - Correct Answers -the physical activity readiness questionnaire - a seven-item
physical fitness evidence based assessment administered before clients undergo
physical activity. No age restrictions, client can fill it out, or it can be done in an
interview.
PROMS - Correct Answers -Patient reported outcome measures; an emerging
innovation in assessment and evaluation, and fits with the client-centered approach that
emphasizes involvement in their own care. looks at what matters most to patients rather
than what researchers or clinicians think are the most important aspects. It captures the
client's perspectives on the impact of their disease or disorder, etc.
Reliability - Correct Answers -Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure (whether
the results can be reproduced under the same conditions). Reliability of test scores can
,be estimated in three ways: stability measures (How stable is the instrument over
time?), equivalency measures (How closely correlated are two or more forms of the
same assessment?), and internal consistency measures (How closely are items on the
assessment related?)
Validity - Correct Answers -Validity refers to the accuracy of a measure (whether the
results really do represent what they are supposed to measure). Can the results be
interpreted as an accurate representation of the phenomenon being assessed? Does it
test what it set out to test?
criterion-related validity - how does it compare it some previously established criterion?
construct validity - how well it reflects the construct that underlies the assessment. (A
construct is a theoretical concept, theme, or idea based on empirical observations. It's a
variable that's usually not directly measurable. i.e. self-esteem, social anxiety, etc).
Define Risk Transfer - Correct Answers -Risk transfer is a risk management technique
that involves transferring the risk of injury or property damage. Here are some examples
of risk transfer:
Insurance (An individual or entity purchases insurance to protect against financial risks.
For example, a person buying car insurance is shifting the risk of financial loss from the
incident to the insurance company.)
Contractual requirements
(A party is required to provide insurance coverage for another party's benefit. For
example, a commercial property tenant might assume the risk of keeping sidewalks
clear, while an apartment complex might transfer the risk of theft to a security
company.)
A hold harmless clause, also known as a hold harmless agreement (HHA), is a contract
provision that protects one party from being held responsible for property damage or
injury caused by another party. For example, a lease may include a clause where the
tenant agrees not to sue the landlord if they are injured
Joint ventures
(Organizations collaborate with other organizations to share resources, expertise, and
responsibility, while evenly distributing the risk between both parties.)
Which risk management strategy involves increasing liability insurance coverage to
cover anticipated incidents - Correct Answers -Retention - The keeping of risk is
retention (e.g., fee adjustments, self-insurance). There will always be risk, and the
organization accepts there might be an unexpected occurrence, yet harm might not be
significant or often enough to be of major concern e.g., abrasions from being hit by a
ball or falling while flying a kite
What are the eight instructional strategies/facilitation techniques that the recreational
therapist can assume? - Correct Answers -controller, director, instigator, stimulator,
educator, advisor, observer, and enabler (Avedon, 1974). The controller exercises a
high level of control over clients, making all decisions regarding the activities of the
group. The director still holds most of the power and leads the activities of the group but
allows clients latitude in decision making. The instigator incites action on the part of the
, group and then withdraws, leaving the group members in control. The stimulator begins
activities by generating interest on the part of clients and then helps maintain this
interest by encouraging participation. The educator instructs clients in activities and
social skills. The advisor provides counseling and guidance to clients. The observer
provides leadership by their presence and evaluates and reacts to clients' responses.
The enabler role fits well into the laissez-faire style, in which the leader simply provides
opportunities for participation in activities that clients determine.
ATRA code of ethics - Correct Answers -The American Therapeutic Recreation
Association's Code of Ethics is to be used as a guide for promoting and maintaining the
highest standards of ethical behavior. The Code applies to all Recreational Therapy
personnel.
1: BENEFICENCE 2: NON-MALEFICENCE 3: AUTONOMY
4: JUSTICE 5: FIDELITY 6: VERACITY 7: INFORMED CONSENT
8: CONFIDENTIALITY & PRIVACY 9: COMPETENCE 10: COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS
AND REGULATIONS
Beneficence - code of ethics - Correct Answers -1. Recreational Therapy personnel
shall treat persons served in an ethical manner by actively making efforts to provide for
their well-being by maximizing possible benefits and relieving, lessening, or minimizing
possible harm.
Non-Maleficence - code of ethics - Correct Answers -2. Recreational Therapy personnel
have an obligation to use their knowledge, skills, abilities, and judgment to help persons
while respecting their decisions and protecting them from harm. Non-Maleficence -
there is an obligation not to inflict harm on others.
Autonomy - code of ethics - Correct Answers -3. AUTONOMY
Recreational Therapy personnel have a duty to preserve and protect the right of each
individual to make his/her own choices. Each individual is to be given the opportunity to
determine his/her own course of action in accordance with a plan freely chosen. In the
case of individuals who are unable to exercise autonomy with regard to their care,
recreational therapy personnel have the duty to respect the decisions of their qualified
legal representative.
Justice - code of ethics - Correct Answers -4. JUSTICE
Recreational Therapy personnel are responsible for ensuring that individuals are served
fairly and that there is equity in the distribution of services. Individuals should receive
services without regard to race, color, creed, gender, sexual orientation, age,
disease/disability, social and financial status.
Fidelity - code of ethics - Correct Answers -5: FIDELITY
Recreational Therapy personnel have an obligation, first and foremost, to be loyal,
faithful, and meet commitments made to persons receiving services. In addition,
Recreational Therapy personnel have a secondary obligation to colleagues, agencies,
and the profession.
