PRITE 2020 CORRECT QUESTIONS & VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+)

PRITE 2020 CORRECT QUESTIONS & VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADED A+) "key component of collaborative care programs that integrate mental health services into primary care settings? - CORRECT ANSWER care management" "Feelings of persecution are most reflective of which of the following defense mechanisms? - Denial - Projection - Repression - Regression - Reaction formation - CORRECT ANSWER Projection" "Visual hallucinations - wavy distortions, both visual fields Vertigo dysarthria tingling in both hands and feet perioral numbness occipital headache - CORRECT ANSWER Basilar migraine" "slap the pal, of his hand on his knee, alternating with the back of his hand, in rapid succession- abnormality in this indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER dysdiadochokinesia" "NMDA receptor mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER Ionotropic receptor causes depolarisation. Mg2+ block relieved by depolarisation. Permeable to Na+ and Ca2+ influx-" "The patient begins fearing symptoms of pancreatic cancer after death of a parent from pancreatic cancer. He feels the need to weigh himself to be reassured that he is not losing weight. Avoids seeing the doctor due to fear of being diagnosed. -OCD -delusional -somatic symptoms do - illness anxiety disorder - conversion do - CORRECT ANSWER Illness anxiety They perform excessive health-related behaviors maladaptive avoidance- cancels doctor's appts atleast 6 months specifiers: - care seeking type - care-avoidant type" "process of identifying problem areas in workflow and eliminating potential waste? - SMART goals Demin principles Lean Methodology Medical home model Plan Do Study Act Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER Lean methdology" "area of hippocampus contains stem cells involved in neurogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER Sub-granular zone" "Disruption of salience network would affech which? -attention -decision-making -working memory -internal cognition -detection of relevant stimuli - CORRECT ANSWER detection of relevant stimuli default mode network - medial prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobe, medial parietal cortex. Function includes thoughts not associated with the immediate environment. Consolidates information and memories salience = anterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, left anterior insula" "As one nears midlife, what is the most typical developmental sceniaro? - focus solely on one's career - Depression in parents whose last child is leaving home - A reappraisal of one's marriage and committed relationships - abrupt significant changes that appear impulsive in nature - Increase difficulty adjusting to a change from a youthful appearance - CORRECT ANSWER Reappraisal of one's marriage and committed relationships." "Erikson Stage 1 - CORRECT ANSWER Trust vs. Mistrust 0-1.5 months "Can I trust the people around me" Basic virtue: Hope Important event: Feeding" "Erikson stage 2 - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 1.5 - 2/3 y "Can I do things by myself or am I reliant on others?" Basic virtue: Will Important event: Toilet training" "Erikson stage 3 - CORRECT ANSWER Initiative vs. Guilt 2/3 y- 4/5 y "Am I good or bad" Basic virtue: Purpose Important event: Play" "Erikson stage 4 - CORRECT ANSWER industry vs inferiority 6y- 12y "How can I be good?" Basic virtue: Competence Important event: school" "Erikson stage 5 - CORRECT ANSWER identity vs. role confusion (12-18yrs.)- during this time they are trying to find out who they are. Basic virtue: Fidelity Important event: social relationships" "Erikson stage 6 - CORRECT ANSWER intimacy vs isolation 20-40 "Will I be loved or will I be alone?" Basic virtue: Love Important event: Romantic relationship" "Erikson stage 7 - CORRECT ANSWER generativity vs stagnation 40-60" "Erikson stage 8 - CORRECT ANSWER integrity vs despair" "Psychoanalytic theory- when does "latent" period of sexual development occur? -Infancy -Pre-school -School age -Adolescence -Young adulthood - CORRECT ANSWER School age" "Which of the following can 10 year old do but not 5 year old? -Lack of interest in sexual behavior -Comprehending conservation of volume -Coordinating catching and throwing a ball -Describing narratives primarily from self-view - Understanding the difference between right and wrong - CORRECT ANSWER Comprehending conservation of volume" "At what age does grey matter reach peak? - CORRECT ANSWER late childhood" "at what age/stage of development does the peer group become an important mediator of aggression, especially in vulnerable males? -preschool (4y) -early school age (7y) -late school (10y) -early adol (13y) -late adol (16y) - CORRECT ANSWER late school (10y)" "BDNF acts on which receptor? - Pan neutrophin - NMDA - Insulin growth factor 1 - 5 HT1A - Tropomyosin receptor kinase B - CORRECT ANSWER Tropomyosin receptor kinase B" "Trisomy 21- 3 copies of gene coding which protein? -Presenlin 1 protein - presenelin 2 protein - APOE-E2 -APOE-E4 - Amyloid precursor protein (APP) - CORRECT ANSWER Amyloid precursor protein (APP)" "PCR is genetic linkage studies do what? - CORRECT ANSWER amplification of microsatellite markers" "Which anti-epipleptic can cause bone loss? - CORRECT ANSWER Valproate" "Relative intensity of DNA transcription acitivity determined by? -microRNA -Telomere length -DNA methylation -Non-coding RNA -histone acetylation - CORRECT ANSWER histone acetylation" "Molecular mechanism explaining how early life development contributes to psychiatric disorders? - CORRECT ANSWER DNA methy" "Which gene is seen in 90-100% of pt with narcolepsy? - CORRECT ANSWER HLA-DR2" "Strongest genetic contribution in depressive disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER Cyclothymia" "term for test actually measures what it is suppose to measure? -Validity -Stability -Reliability -specificity -standardization - CORRECT ANSWER Validity Reliability is an indicator in the amount of variability in a testing method" "which of the following is largely unbound to serum proteins and has limited sign. drug int.? -modafinil -donepezil -memantine -galantamine -rivastigmine - CORRECT ANSWER rivastigmine" "How does melatonin behave during sleep-wake cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER Levels begin to increase 2 hrs before sleep onset and peak midway through the sleep period" "Which neuroscientist suggested psychotherapy would change gene expression? - Eric Kandel - Adolf meyer - george endel -otto kronberg - nancy andreason - CORRECT ANSWER Eric Kandel" "_________________________ is among the least-understood regions of the human brain. It has been proposed that the OFC is involved in sensory integration, in representing the affective value of reinforcers, and in decision-making and expectation. - CORRECT ANSWER orbitofrontal circuit" "____________________ is where patient is not aware of their own defect/mental heatth illness? - CORRECT ANSWER Anosognosia" "Patient able to recognize happiness, sadness, and disgust but unable to distinguish fear and anger in people's voices or facial expression, where is the lesion? insula amygdala hippocampus dorsolateral region orbitofrontal region - CORRECT ANSWER amygdala" "which circuit is disrupted if pt has poor strategies for solving visuospatial problems such as following illustrations for assembling furniture? papez circuit arcuate fasciculus oculomotor circuit lateral orbitofrontal circuit dorsolateral prefrontal circuit - CORRECT ANSWER dorsolateral prefrontal circuit" "Microarray analysis can detext which of the following genetic errors? -exact deletion breakpoints -unbalanced translocations -minor duplication locations -single nucleotide point mutations - CORRECT ANSWER unbalanced translocations shows you repressed or activated genes" "which of the following approaches is employed to indetify genes that confer small increases in dz risk? sib pair analysis linkage analysis pedigree analysis association analysis - CORRECT ANSWER association analysis" "child pretends puppet represents mother, which milestone has he acheived? sensorimotor preoperations formal operations concrete operations - CORRECT ANSWER preoperations" "Which of the following are first rank symptoms of schizophrenia (Kurt Schneider)? depressed mood voices arguing waxy flexibility blunted affect paranoia - CORRECT ANSWER voices arguing" "which of the following structures is part of the hippocampal formation? amygdala septal area dentate gyrus cingulate gyrus mamm bodies - CORRECT ANSWER dentate gyrus" "which of the following is the most preserved in an older adult? verbal ability simple recall encoding ability psychomotor speed speed of learning new material - CORRECT ANSWER verbal ability" "_______________ age is women's most likely at risk for completing suicide? - CORRECT ANSWER 55" "__________________ is the term for inappropriate and uncontrollable laughter, best evidence for use in MS is which medication? - CORRECT ANSWER pseudobulbar affect Tx: amitriptyline Most common neuro dz with pseudobulbar would be multiple system atrophy tx: Dextromethorphan" "Which of the following is affected earliest in course of Alz dz? Amygdala Frontal lobe basal ganglia occipital lobe hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER hippocampus" "____________________ is the most significant risk fx for development of primary enuresis? - CORRECT ANSWER Family hx" "What happens biologically in gradual decline in sexual responsivements in men as they age? Loss of penile elasticity increase in adrenal androgens reduction in genital bloodflow increase in circulating estrogen increase in testosterones binding globulin - CORRECT ANSWER increase in testosterones binding globulin" "_________________ is another term for poverty of speech and content alogia anomia agnosia alexithymia apraxia of speech - CORRECT ANSWER alogia 19 yo pt reported hearing a voice that talked about what pt was thinking. The pt's speech has a normal rate and rhythm, but says things such as, "It is white, very white. I know. Things are that way. They are. I am."" "______________________ is when pt has signficant word finding difficulties when attemption to label pictured objects. But patient is able to describe how to use the object. alogia anomia agnosia alexithymia apraxia of speech - CORRECT ANSWER anomia" "________________inability to interpret sensations and hence to recognize things, typically as a result of brain damage. alogia anomia agnosia alexithymia apraxia of speech - CORRECT ANSWER agnosia" "_______________________inability to identify and describe emotion's experienced alogia anomia agnosia alexithymia apraxia of speech - CORRECT ANSWER alexithymia" "The brain knows what it wants to say, but cannot properly plan and sequence the required speech sound movements. neurological disorder that affects the brain pathways involved in planning the sequence of movements involved in producing speech alogia anomia agnosia alexithymia apraxia of speech - CORRECT ANSWER apraxia of speech" "Primary advantage of using genome wide mapping to identify genes implicated in psych dz? -it is inexpensive -it identifies risk variants it uses small sample size it can result in novel discoveries identifies specific genes of interest - CORRECT ANSWER it can result in novel discoveries" "What type of speech abnormality in ASD? -dyslexia -aphasia -impaired prosody -pressured speech -problematic enunciation - CORRECT ANSWER -impaired prosody prosody (melody, tone, inflection)" "Which of the following describes implicit memory system? -requires focal attention and awareness -matures fully at approx two years of age -activates during subjective sense of remembering -consists of mental models that summate multiple experiences -utilizes circuits in hippocampus and OFC - CORRECT ANSWER consists of mental models that summate multiple experiences explicit = activates during subjective sense of remembering" "what is the reason for low sex drive in post-menopausal women - estrogen -incr. DHEA -test -cortisol - incr. progesterone - CORRECT ANSWER test" "orexin neurons involved in sleep wake cycle is where? - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral hypothalamus- suprachiasmatic nuclei" "more incarcerations between 1980s and 2010 attributed to? - CORRECT ANSWER mandatory minimum sentences for drug related offenses" "Which has highest measurement of disability adjusted life years (DALYs)? - CORRECT ANSWER Depressive disorders" "what is it called when ratings are similar across different raters? - CORRECT ANSWER highly reliable" "Leg weakness would be caused by occlusion of which artery? - CORRECT ANSWER Anterior cerebral artery -contralateral leg weakness and sensory loss - mild or no upper limb involvement -balance problems - left-sided = aphasia" "agraphia of left hand inability to name objects placed in the left hand when eyes are closed inability to read from left visual field - CORRECT ANSWER lesion of Corpus callosum cant understand things on one side. NOT hemineglect." "Idiopathic park vs. drug onset park, which one is asymmetrical vs. symmetrical onset of symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER idiopathic = classical symptoms -tends to be asymmetrical onset and progression of motor symptoms drug-onset: symmetrical" "Camptocromia - CORRECT ANSWER abnormal, severe and involuntary forward flexion of the thoracolumbar spine Multi system atrophy" "primary gustatory cortex - CORRECT ANSWER processes taste information; located in insula" "most specific lab test for heavy alcohol consumption? - CORRECT ANSWER carb deficient transferrin Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is the most specific serum biomarker of heavy alcohol consumption, defined as ≥ 350-420 g alcohol/week. Despite introduction of a standardized reference measurement technique, widespread use of CDT remains limited due to low sensitivity" "type of gait for NPH -magnetic -propulsive -tandem -scissor -spastic - CORRECT ANSWER Magnetic inability to lift feet off the floor with wide base propulsive, spastic = park gait" "what causes scissor gait? - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebral palsy" "highest affinity for human CB-1 receptor - CORRECT ANSWER anandamide" "refer schizophrenia patient to rehab vocational program, what kind of prevention? - CORRECT ANSWER tertiary" "what does term "expressed emotion" refer to in family therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Level of criticism and hostility in family" "if patient is new onset episodes of excessive salivation, chewing, and choking sensation, the seizure originates where? -frontal insula -frontal operculum -mesial temp lobe singular gyrus -occipital lobe -dorsolateral frontal lobe entorhinal cortex - CORRECT ANSWER frontal operculum anterior insula nd frontal operculum make up the primary gust. cortex" "what is it called when the caregiver is sufficiently attuned and responsive to a child's needs to allow the child to become aware of the child's own drives? -true self -self-object -aux ego -trans'l object -good enough parent - CORRECT ANSWER good-enough parent aux ego = involved in role playing true self is what the child is trying to express/achieve" "which is most common in individuals with fam hx of bipolar d/o? - CORRECT ANSWER MDD" "Elderly man with blurry vision. Eyes slow away, rapid corrections lateral gaze. Do not occur during fixation on target. What is dysfunction? - CORRECT ANSWER VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH vestibular system detects: -motion -head position -spatial orientation consists of two otolith organs: -utricle = horizontal movements - saccule = vertical vestibular nuclei stroke = rapid onset of vertigo and imbalance" "Who is the principal contributor of object relations? - CORRECT ANSWER Melanie Klein Margaret Mahler = separation-individuation, contributed to object relations as well but more known for providing theories of development" "puberty begins with pulasatile secretion of GnRH from which hypothal nuclei? - CORRECT ANSWER Infundibular" "triple screen for Down syndrome measures maternal serum quantities of which three quanatities? - CORRECT ANSWER hcG alpha fetoprotein estriol ____ PAPP-A is decreased in all trisomies. Nuchal translucency is increased in all trisomies. Inhibin A is only increased in Down's syndrome. Beta-HCG is increased in Down's syndrome" "Histamine production occurs in only which part of the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER Hypothalamus (tuberomammillary nucleus)" “The primary taste cortex in humans: - Dorsolateral - Orbitofrontal - Anterior insulra -Somatosensory - Posterior temporal - CORRECT ANSWER Anterior insular" "Which area requires public schools to provide edu resources for children with disabilities - CORRECT ANSWER federal government" "Patient is not able to produce 11 words starting with letter P but can name 12 animals. Where is the injury? - Normal -Frontal lobe - Parietal - Factitious - Temporal - CORRECT ANSWER Frontal" "Ambigious results on multiple sleep latency test. What would confirm narcolepsy? - Genetic analysis - Auto antibody test - EEG - CSF orexin - PET scan - CORRECT ANSWER CSF orexin" "Which of the following changes in people over age 65 most likely responsible for increased risk of chronic subdural hematoma? - Cortical atrophy - lacunae in the basal ganglia - Thickening and ossification of dura mater - Occlusions of small penetrating cerebral arteries - Increase permeability of BBB - CORRECT ANSWER Cortical atrophy" "Improvement tool used to identify as many possible causes for an effect or problem and sort ideas into useful diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER Fishbone diagrams" "Which of the following circuits mediates the ability to resist responding to aggravating situations with hostility? - papez - dorsolateral -orbitofrontal -frontoparietal -anterior cingulate - CORRECT ANSWER orbitofrontal = inhibition center anterior cingulate cortex = emotions, impulse control Salience network = right ant insula --> anterior cingulate cortex --> left ant insula default mode network = posterior cingulate, left and right parietal, OFC" "Patient becomes increasingly annoyed at therapist and says "you must hate me." Defense mechanism? - projection - projective identification - reaction formation - displacement - resistance - CORRECT ANSWER Projection- patient projected feelings of therapist on to herself Projective identification- when a person projects their own thoughts/beliefs on to another person, that other person believes that to be true." "Which psychiatric disorder is most common with epilepsy? - CORRECT ANSWER MDD" "Enhancement of dopamine transmission in which tract is associated with addicting and reinforcing effects of repeated exposre to psychostimulant drugs? - Mesolimbic - Nigrostriatal - Mesocortical - Corticostriatal - Tuberoinfindubular? - CORRECT ANSWER Mesolimbic" "Which neurostimulation modalities has received FDA approval for recurrent MDD? - CORRECT ANSWER Vagus nerve stimulation" "Cant read or write but has verbal fluency- where is the defect? - CORRECT ANSWER Left POSTERIOR cerebral artery = angular gyrus effects cognition and language alexia (inability to understand what is being read) agraphia" "WHat is Romberg test and what does it test? - CORRECT ANSWER Disequilibrium when feet are together and eyes closed Posterior columns indicates loss of propioception tabes dorsalis neurosyphilis" "Neurodevelopment of brain- diancephalon precursor for? -cortex -thalamus - cerbellum - basal ganglia - hippocampus - CORRECT ANSWER thalamus" "Experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions e.g. perceptual alterations, distorted sense of time, unreal or absent self, emotional and/or physical numbing - CORRECT ANSWER Depersonalization" "Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings e.g individuals or objects are experienced as unreal, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, or visually distorted - CORRECT ANSWER Derealization" "Inability to recall important autobiographical information, usually traumatic in nature or stressful in nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting - CORRECT ANSWER Dissociative amnesia" "two or more distinct personality states which may be described in some cultures as an experience of possession. The disruption in identity involves marked discontinuity in sense of self and sense of agency, accompanied by related alterations in affect, behaviorm conciousness, memory, perception, cognition, and/or sensory motor functioning recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal information - CORRECT ANSWER Dissociative identity disorder" "higher rate of ADHD and OCD in 6-12 year old boys attributed to? - CORRECT ANSWER loss of grey matter in basal ganglia" "secondary mania most likely to occur in which of the following illness? -hepatitis -addison dz - MS - parkins do - hyperparatyhroidism - CORRECT ANSWER MS" "Difference between effectiveness study vs. efficacy study? - blind assignments - random assignments - real world conditions - restrictive inclusion criteria - circumscribed clinical population - CORRECT ANSWER real world conditions" "Psychoeducation component of CBT for adolescents often utilizes which of the following tx strategies? - eliciting info about family dynamics -self-monitoring of emotionsal states with daily diaries - social skills training to enhance psychosocial interactions - behavioral assessment through clinical interview and screening tools - obtaining information about the patient's academic performance from teachers - CORRECT ANSWER self-monitoring of emotional states with daily diaries" "Patient has inability to recognize objects based on touch- where is the defect? - medial frontal - anterior frontal - anterior parietal - posterior pareital - medial temporal - CORRECT ANSWER posterior parietal lobe" "How do you define a tic? - CORRECT ANSWER sudden rapid recurrent non-rhythmic motor movement or vocalization" "Both motor AND one or more vocal tics have been present during the illness, although not concurrently Duration: 1 year, waxing and waning is fine onset before age 18 - CORRECT ANSWER Tourette's" "motor OR vocal tics, but not both motor and vocal - CORRECT ANSWER Persistent Motor or Vocal tic disorder specify- with motor tics only or vocal tics only" "Single or multiple and/or vocal tics less than 1 year - CORRECT ANSWER Provisional tic disorder" "Adjunctive tx shown to reduce symptoms and improve biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress? - kava - glycine - valerian - st johns wort - NAC - CORRECT ANSWER NAC" "Developmental disability associated with triple repeat genetic abnormality? - CORRECT ANSWER Fragile X" "What is the repeat of fragile X syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWER CGG decreased or absent levels of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) Expansion of >200 repeats is known as full mutation and leads to methylation-coupled silencing of the FMR1 gene and absence of FMRP (protein) A smaller expansion of between approximately 50 to 55 and 200 repeats is known as premutation" "Which disorder has CAG repeat? - CORRECT ANSWER Huntington's disease" "4 yo child was hypotonic as an infant and is now exhibiting develop delays, foraging for food and having many temper tantrums - CORRECT ANSWER Prader Willi syndrome pathogenic copy number variants affecting DNA basepairs" "Most common cause for syndromic obesity? - CORRECT ANSWER Prader Willi" "Where is the genetic defect for Prader Willi? - CORRECT ANSWER Long arm of chromosome 15- paternal deletion (maternal imprinting) Angelman syndrome = maternal deletion (paternal imprinting)" "child presents with moderate intellectual disability, deficits in visual-spatial processing, high levels of anxiety, a phobia, and highly sociable, which disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER Williams syndrome microdeletion on chromosome 7q11.23" "Which is the most common inherited mental retardation? - CORRECT ANSWER Fragile X" "Metachromatic leukodystrophy associated with mutation in gene for which enzyme? - CORRECT ANSWER Aryl sulfatase" "Adolescent patient with chromosome 22q11 deletion increased risk of developing which condition? - CORRECT ANSWER Schizophrenia velcardiofacial syndrome" "methodological advantage of genome wide association study in comparing individuals with schizophrenia to demographically matched controls? - CORRECT ANSWER can detect common gene variants that have small effect on dz risk" "what type of genetic variation is most commonly investigated in genome wide association studies? - CORRECT ANSWER single nucleotide polymorphisms" "teenager with macrorchdism, intell disability, and frequent hand flapping? - CORRECT ANSWER trinucleotide repeat in FMR1 gene Fragile X" "What does acetylation of lysine residues in histone proteins do>? - CORRECT ANSWER relaxes chromosome structure --> activation of genes" "Gene mapping strategy to detect rare genetic variants of large effect - CORRECT ANSWER pedigree linkage analysis" "Genetic linkage studies investigates what in medico-psychiatric research? - CORRECT ANSWER co-segregation of genes during meiosis" "What would EMG show in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER small, short-lasting motor unit potentials with increased recruitment dystrophin gene in mutated" "ODD vs. Conduct Disorder - CORRECT ANSWER In ODD, children do not seriously violate the rights of others or ignore their feelings. They rarely engage in activities that cause physical harm to others, and as a rule, they do not engage in criminal activity. ODD may precede a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder." "Which of the following is the most abudant circulating steroid in women? -cortisol -estrogen -progesterone -DHEA - ACTH - CORRECT ANSWER DHEA" "What does depakote do to Lamictal - CORRECT ANSWER Depakote inhibit (note that it is not related to CYP) Lamictal metabolism and cause INCREASING Lamictal level Lamictal is well known for Risk of Rash and Steven-Johnson Syndrome" "Which of the following is most useful in dx of conversion disorder with sensory loss of left leg? -Standard EEG - Quantative EEG -Evoked potentials -magneto-EEG -MRI - CORRECT ANSWER Evoked potentials On clinical grounds, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP) are currently used to discriminate between hysterical and neurological conditions." "Histone phosphorylation is linked to a. transcription b. DNA Repair c. chromosome condensation d. cell cycle condensation e. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER Chromosome condensation Causes early response gene induction" "Which of the following types of neurons ceases firing entirely during REM sleep? -histamine -muscarnic -cholinergic -serotonergic -noradrenergic - CORRECT ANSWER serotonergic" "4 ethical principles of medicine - CORRECT ANSWER "the principles approach" 1. autonomy 2. beneficence 3. nonmaleficence 4. justice" "Which of the following methods of indentifying genetic disorder is best suited to localize genes that have a single or major effect within a genetically related family? -Linkage analysis -association mapping -candidate gene studies -next-gen sequencing -comparative genomic hybridization - CORRECT ANSWER linkage analysis" "linkage analysis - CORRECT ANSWER Genetic research strategy in which occurrence of a disorder in an extended family is compared with that of a genetic marker for a physical characteristic or biological process that is known to be located on a particular chromosome." "Which of the following describes post-transcriptional genetic reg. mech. that likely contributes to genetic abnormalities? - alternative splicing within the same gene -binding of a competing, inh. factor on the binding site -binding of hormones to response elements in inducible genes -using different transcription start sites, stop sites, and promoters in a gene -binding of tissue specific transcrip factors to activation sites in single genes - CORRECT ANSWER alternative splicing within the same gene" "Courts have rule that physicians can ask and counsel patients about guns, based on which of the following physician's rights? -freedom of speech -protection from malpractice -to set clinical stadards of care -to protect oneself from patient violence -to practice within the scope of their license - CORRECT ANSWER freedom of speech" "Patient takes diazepam before EEG, what will it show? -beta waves -alpha waves -occipital spikes -diffuse slow waves -frontal delta activity - CORRECT ANSWER beta waves" "___________________________has been found to be involved in superordinate control functions for various cognitive tasks such as decision making, novelty detection, working memory, conflict management, mood regulation, theory of mind processing, and timing - CORRECT ANSWER dorsolateral prefrontal cortex" "_____________ tend to develop in childhood and are usually resistant to change. But left unmanaged, schemas can cause negative patterns that are often reinforced through unhealthy interactions. - CORRECT ANSWER Schemas" "Patient leaves public place because of panic attack, then panic symptoms stop? negative reinforcement positive reinforcement negative punishment positiver punishment - CORRECT ANSWER negative reinforcement" "__________ is more common among widowers than widows? - CORRECT ANSWER greater mortality" ""testmentary capacity refers to ability of a person to carry out__________ - CORRECT ANSWER making a will" "_______________________________is when the number of copies of a particular gene varies from one individual to the next. - CORRECT ANSWER A copy number variation (CNV)" "When a pair of alleles from two loci are inherited together in the same gamete more/less often than random chance would expect - CORRECT ANSWER linkage disequilibrium" "__________________________is FDA approved medication for antisomnolensce agent for OSA? - CORRECT ANSWER Modafinil" "Where is ghrelin primarly synthesized and released? duodenal enteroendocrine I-cells capillary endothelial cells in the liver glial cells of the enteric nervous system neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract enteroendocrine cells in the stomach and proximal small intestine - CORRECT ANSWER enteroendocrine cells in the stomach and proximal small intestine" "which hormone is synthesized in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus? -somatostatin -neuropeptide Y -LH -TSH -CRH - CORRECT ANSWER Neuropeptide Y" "Do AchE inhibitors improve or worsen behavioral disturbance in LBD? - CORRECT ANSWER Improve" "independent of depression hx, which of the following is a signficant risk factor for postpartum depression? -birthweight -high education - c-section - maternal age below 35 - pregestational diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER c-section" "which of the following is a risk fx for suicide among outpatients with schizophrenia? -low personal expectations -unawareness of sx - multiple psychiatric adm - younger age at sx onset - CORRECT ANSWER multiple psychiatric adm" "Nightmare Disorder - CORRECT ANSWER a type of sleep-wake disorder involving a pattern of frequent, disturbing nightmares -Recurrent episodes of dysphoric, well-remembered dreams that involve threats to survival, security, integrity -Second half of major sleep episode -Nightmares are common during REM sleep -Typically starts between 3 - 6 years old -Schizotypal, borderline, schizoid personality disorders, schizophrenia are at increased risk Increased risk of suicidal ideation associated with nightmare disorder Body movements during nightmares are not typically present because they are during REM sleep" "When you provide child with suitable toys for the infant's level of development. Vygotsky said that these objects and interactional experiences should be within the child's: - CORRECT ANSWER Zone of proximal Development" "What did CATIE trial show regarding effectiveness of second gen antipsych for the tx of schizophrenia? - CORRECT ANSWER 2nd gen we're no more effective than 1st gen" "Which of the following has monozygotic twin concordance rates of 80-92%? Schizophrenia Bipolar Autism - CORRECT ANSWER Autism" "hyposensitivity in which region for PTSD? -insula -amygdala -hippocampus anterior paralimbic cortex - ventromedial prefrontal cortex - CORRECT ANSWER ventromedial prefrontal cortex" "DIsorders such as pathological gambling and opioid use disorder are perpetuated via activation of pathway connecting the nucleus accumbens to --------? -hippocampus -dorsal striatum -OFC -VTA -ant cing cortex - CORRECT ANSWER VTA ant. cing cortex- involved in emotion, attention, planning" "expected side effect of vagal nerve stimulator? - CORRECT ANSWER dyspnea hoarseness difficulty swallowing parasthesias and tingling of neck supply nerve fibers to the pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), lungs, heart, esophagus, and intestinal tract-" "which NTs released from cerebellar purkinje cells to deeper cerebellar nuclei? -GABA -Dopamine -Ach -serotonin - glutamate - CORRECT ANSWER GABA" "uncinate fasciculus - CORRECT ANSWER connects frontal and temporal lobes" "which receptor is most critical for triggering long-term potentiation? - CORRECT ANSWER NMDA LTP = strengthening connection between neurons - Na enters thru AMPA receptors --> depolarization --> removes Mg blockade from NMDA receptor --> Ca influx --> activates 2nd messenger systems --> LTP" "Mirtazipine- less nausea from BLOCAKDE of which serotonin receptor? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 HT 3" "Approximately where is the habenular nucleus located? - CORRECT ANSWER epithalamus = pineal + habenular plays a pivotal role in controlling motor and cognitive behaviors by influencing the activity of dopamine and serotonin neurons. involved in motivational control of behavior" "which of the following becomes especially important during toddlerhood? -attachment -nurturance -limit setting -stimulation -instruction - CORRECT ANSWER Limit setting"