MIC 205A Chapter 5 Exam Questions With
Answers 100% Verified
antimicrobial - ANSWER a chemical or other agent that kills microbes or inhibits their
growth
antiseptic - ANSWER an antimicrobial chemical nontoxic enough to be used on skin
aseptic technique - ANSWER set of procedures used to help prevent the accidental
introduction of unwanted microbes
bactericide - ANSWER a chemical or other agent that kills bacteria
bacteriostatic - ANSWER describes a chemical or other agent that stops the growth of
bacteria without killing them
biocide - ANSWER a chemical or other agent that kills or inactivates living cells
disinfectant - ANSWER a chemical that destroys many, but not all, microbes on an
inanimate surface or object
pasteurization - ANSWER a brief heat treatment that reduces the number of spoilage
microorganisms and destroys pathogens in a product; a related term, cold
pasteurization, refers to physical treatments that have the same outcome without using
heat
preservation - ANSWER a treatment that inhibits microbial growth to delay spoilage
sterile - ANSWER describes a product that is free of a;; viable microbes, including
endospores and viruses
sterilization - ANSWER the destruction or removal of all microbes on or from a product
disinfection - ANSWER treatment to eliminate most or all pathogens on or in a material
disinfectant - ANSWER a chemical that destroys many, but not all, microbes on an
inanimate surface or object.
germicide - ANSWER agent that kills microorganisms and inactivates viruses
fungicide - ANSWER substance that kills fungi
decontamination - ANSWER treatment to reduce the number of pathogens to a level
considered safe
bacteriostatic - ANSWER describes a chemical or other agent that stops the growth of
, bacteria without killing them
virucide - ANSWER substance that inactivates viruses
healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) - ANSWER infections acquired while receiving
treatment in a hospital or other healthcare facility
disinfection by-products (DBPs) - ANSWER compounds formed when chlorine or other
disinfectants react with naturally occurring chemicals in water
decimal reduction time (D value) - ANSWER time required for 90% of a microbial
population to be killed under specific conditions
critical instruments - ANSWER medical instruments such as needles and scalpels that
come into direct contact with body tissue; they must be sterile
semicritical instruments - ANSWER medical instruments such as endoscopes that come
into contact with mucous membranes, but do not penetrate body tissues; must be free
of all microorganisms and viruses with the exception that small number of endospores
may remain
high-temperature-short-time (HTST) method - ANSWER most common pasteurization
protocol; using this method, milk is pasteurized by holding it at 72°C for 15 seconds.
ultra-high-temperature (UHT) method - ANSWER a process that uses heat to destroy all
microorganisms that can grow under normal storage conditions
autoclave - ANSWER device that uses steam under pressure to sterilize materials
commercially sterile - ANSWER free of all microorganisms capable of growing under
normal storage conditions; the endospores of some thermophiles may remain
membrane filters or microfilter - ANSWER thin filter that has microscopic pores that
allow liquid to flow through while trapping microbes and other particles too large to
pass
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters - ANSWER special filters that remove from
air nearly all particles, including microorganisms, that have a diameter of 0.3 µm or
larger
irradiation - ANSWER form of energy that travels in waves and has no mass; examples
include visible light, UV light rays, and X rays
reactive oxygen species - ANSWER harmful derivatives of O2 such as superoxide (O2- )
and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that are highly toxic to cells.
moist heat - ANSWER denatures proteins. is relatively fast, reliable, safe, and
inexpensive
Answers 100% Verified
antimicrobial - ANSWER a chemical or other agent that kills microbes or inhibits their
growth
antiseptic - ANSWER an antimicrobial chemical nontoxic enough to be used on skin
aseptic technique - ANSWER set of procedures used to help prevent the accidental
introduction of unwanted microbes
bactericide - ANSWER a chemical or other agent that kills bacteria
bacteriostatic - ANSWER describes a chemical or other agent that stops the growth of
bacteria without killing them
biocide - ANSWER a chemical or other agent that kills or inactivates living cells
disinfectant - ANSWER a chemical that destroys many, but not all, microbes on an
inanimate surface or object
pasteurization - ANSWER a brief heat treatment that reduces the number of spoilage
microorganisms and destroys pathogens in a product; a related term, cold
pasteurization, refers to physical treatments that have the same outcome without using
heat
preservation - ANSWER a treatment that inhibits microbial growth to delay spoilage
sterile - ANSWER describes a product that is free of a;; viable microbes, including
endospores and viruses
sterilization - ANSWER the destruction or removal of all microbes on or from a product
disinfection - ANSWER treatment to eliminate most or all pathogens on or in a material
disinfectant - ANSWER a chemical that destroys many, but not all, microbes on an
inanimate surface or object.
germicide - ANSWER agent that kills microorganisms and inactivates viruses
fungicide - ANSWER substance that kills fungi
decontamination - ANSWER treatment to reduce the number of pathogens to a level
considered safe
bacteriostatic - ANSWER describes a chemical or other agent that stops the growth of
, bacteria without killing them
virucide - ANSWER substance that inactivates viruses
healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) - ANSWER infections acquired while receiving
treatment in a hospital or other healthcare facility
disinfection by-products (DBPs) - ANSWER compounds formed when chlorine or other
disinfectants react with naturally occurring chemicals in water
decimal reduction time (D value) - ANSWER time required for 90% of a microbial
population to be killed under specific conditions
critical instruments - ANSWER medical instruments such as needles and scalpels that
come into direct contact with body tissue; they must be sterile
semicritical instruments - ANSWER medical instruments such as endoscopes that come
into contact with mucous membranes, but do not penetrate body tissues; must be free
of all microorganisms and viruses with the exception that small number of endospores
may remain
high-temperature-short-time (HTST) method - ANSWER most common pasteurization
protocol; using this method, milk is pasteurized by holding it at 72°C for 15 seconds.
ultra-high-temperature (UHT) method - ANSWER a process that uses heat to destroy all
microorganisms that can grow under normal storage conditions
autoclave - ANSWER device that uses steam under pressure to sterilize materials
commercially sterile - ANSWER free of all microorganisms capable of growing under
normal storage conditions; the endospores of some thermophiles may remain
membrane filters or microfilter - ANSWER thin filter that has microscopic pores that
allow liquid to flow through while trapping microbes and other particles too large to
pass
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters - ANSWER special filters that remove from
air nearly all particles, including microorganisms, that have a diameter of 0.3 µm or
larger
irradiation - ANSWER form of energy that travels in waves and has no mass; examples
include visible light, UV light rays, and X rays
reactive oxygen species - ANSWER harmful derivatives of O2 such as superoxide (O2- )
and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that are highly toxic to cells.
moist heat - ANSWER denatures proteins. is relatively fast, reliable, safe, and
inexpensive
