MIC 205A EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Streptococcus pneumoniae lacks an electron transport chain. Therefore, S.
pneumoniae generates ATP only via _______________. - ANSWER glycolysis
Removing the electron transport chain of E. coli would - ANSWER prevent oxidative
phosphorylation.
You inoculate fern spores onto the surface of a growth medium in Petri dishes and wait
for them to develop into gametophytes, a stage in the life cycle of a fern. The medium
contains sources of nitrogen, phosphate, and a number of other macro- and
micro-nutrients, but no carbon. After a few weeks, you see a contaminant growing on
your plates. Assuming the organism is not digesting the agar itself, which of the
following is most likely your contaminant? - ANSWER Photoautotrophic species of
bacteria, archaea, or protists.
Consider common human pathogens. Most of their enzymes likely function best under
which of the following environmental conditions? (You may select more than one
answer. Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a
correct answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a
wrong answer. Any boxes left with a question mark will be automatically graded as
incorrect.) - ANSWER Temperature around 37 degrees C, Low salt, Moderate pH around
7
The three central metabolic pathways—glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and
the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)—modify organic molecules to generate what
three useful components for the cell? - ANSWER ATP, Reducing power, Precursor
metabolites
A population of bacteria is breaking down some lipids to support microbial growth.
Where do the products of lipid breakdown enter the central metabolic pathway? -
ANSWER Glycolysis, TCA cycle
Some enzymes require a cofactor or a coeznyme in order to be active. What is the
difference between cofactors and coenzymes? - ANSWER Cofactors are non-protein
components that assist enzymes and are typically trace elements; coenzymes are
organic cofactors that loosely carry molecules or electrons.
Greenlake is a small lake in Seattle, WA that sometimes experiences blooms of
cyanobacteria, photosynthetic nitrogen-fixing bacteria that typically grow as filaments.
These blooms are especially likely to occur during warm summer weather and result in
the production of large quantities of biomass that then dies off and decomposes, leading
,to unpleasant odors. In addition to the aesthetic problems, some strains make toxins
that can be dangerous to ingest, leading to the closing of the lake. Treatment of the
water with alum (aluminum sulfate) to remove phosphorus from the water has helped to
limit growth of cyanobacteria.
How would you classify the cyanobacteria from Greenlake in terms of their carbon and
energy sources? - ANSWER Photoautotroph
Scientists isolated a new species of bacteria growing in sediments collected from a 63
meter deep site at the bottom of Lake Washington in Seattle This species, named Labrys
methylaminiphilus, is capable of obtaining its carbon and energy needs from
methylamine (CH3NH2), a derivative of ammonia (NH3) in which one H atom is replaced
by a methyl (CH3) group. L. methylaminiphilus grows at a temperature range of 10-35°C,
with optimal growth at 28-30°C, and a pH range of 4.0-9.5, with optimal growth at
5.0-7.0. Because methylamine is a single carbon compound resulting from the
breakdown of decaying organic matter, methylotrophic ("methyl-feeding") bacteria like
L. methylaminiphilus play an important role in carbon cycling in lake sediments and
other environments.
Consider the growth of L. methylaminiphilus on methylamine. How would you classify
this species based on its metabolism? - ANSWER Chemoorganoheterotroph
Which of the following compounds can be generated from precursor metabolites in the
TCA cycle? - ANSWER Some amino acids like aspartate, glutamate, and proline, Certain
protein components.
You are studying the metabolism of the phototrophic green sulfur bacterium
Chlorobaculum tepidum and realize that it is running a reversed TCA cycle! How do you
explain this observation? - ANSWER C. tepidum is using the reversed TCA cycle to fix
carbon dioxide.
n prokaryotic cells, the electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the ______, whereas
in eukaryotic cells, the ETC is located in the ______. - ANSWER cytoplasmic membrane;
inner membrane of mitochondria
How do chemolithotrophs acquire energy? - ANSWER From inorganic compounds
Which of the following are enzymes involved in anabolic reactions? - ANSWER ATP
synthase - generates ATP
DNA polymerase- generates DNA
DNA ligase - joins DNA fragments together
RNA polymerase - generates RNA
The terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is ______. - ANSWER oxygen
Glycolysis is the central metabolic pathway that involves the breakdown of ______. -
, ANSWER glucose
3. The energy released during the reactions of glycolysis is used to form ______. -
ANSWER adenosine triphosphate
Cells prefer to use carbohydrates as energy sources because - ANSWER they are such
good donors of hydrogen and electrons.
What is oxidation? - ANSWER The loss of electrons from a molecule.
Early in glycolysis, two phosphates are added to the glucose molecule. These
phosphates come from - ANSWER breaking down ATP
During glycolysis, a single 6-carbon molecule of glucose is converted to two 3-carbon
pyruvate molecules. During the later steps in this process, how many molecules of ATP
are generated? - ANSWER 4
The two 3-carbon molecules glucose is split into are converted through a series of steps
into pyruvate. During these steps - ANSWER NAD+ is converted to NADH.
After glycolysis, pyruvate can be converted into ______ under anaerobic conditions. -
ANSWER lactic acid
Glycolysis makes products that feed into - ANSWER electron transport chain, TCA cycle
AND fermentation.
The two 3-carbon molecules that glucose is split into during glycolysis are converted
through a series of steps ending in what 3-carbon molecule? - ANSWER Pyruvate
For each glucose molecule broken down by glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are
produced? - ANSWER 2
______ refers to energy-requiring metabolic processes that result in the biosynthesis of
macromolecules and cellular structures. - ANSWER Anabolism
Which of the following is not a catabolic process? - ANSWER Protein synthesis
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle) occurs after ______. - ANSWER glycolysis
Glycolysis takes place in the ______. - ANSWER cytoplasm
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Streptococcus pneumoniae lacks an electron transport chain. Therefore, S.
pneumoniae generates ATP only via _______________. - ANSWER glycolysis
Removing the electron transport chain of E. coli would - ANSWER prevent oxidative
phosphorylation.
You inoculate fern spores onto the surface of a growth medium in Petri dishes and wait
for them to develop into gametophytes, a stage in the life cycle of a fern. The medium
contains sources of nitrogen, phosphate, and a number of other macro- and
micro-nutrients, but no carbon. After a few weeks, you see a contaminant growing on
your plates. Assuming the organism is not digesting the agar itself, which of the
following is most likely your contaminant? - ANSWER Photoautotrophic species of
bacteria, archaea, or protists.
Consider common human pathogens. Most of their enzymes likely function best under
which of the following environmental conditions? (You may select more than one
answer. Single click the box with the question mark to produce a check mark for a
correct answer and double click the box with the question mark to empty the box for a
wrong answer. Any boxes left with a question mark will be automatically graded as
incorrect.) - ANSWER Temperature around 37 degrees C, Low salt, Moderate pH around
7
The three central metabolic pathways—glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and
the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)—modify organic molecules to generate what
three useful components for the cell? - ANSWER ATP, Reducing power, Precursor
metabolites
A population of bacteria is breaking down some lipids to support microbial growth.
Where do the products of lipid breakdown enter the central metabolic pathway? -
ANSWER Glycolysis, TCA cycle
Some enzymes require a cofactor or a coeznyme in order to be active. What is the
difference between cofactors and coenzymes? - ANSWER Cofactors are non-protein
components that assist enzymes and are typically trace elements; coenzymes are
organic cofactors that loosely carry molecules or electrons.
Greenlake is a small lake in Seattle, WA that sometimes experiences blooms of
cyanobacteria, photosynthetic nitrogen-fixing bacteria that typically grow as filaments.
These blooms are especially likely to occur during warm summer weather and result in
the production of large quantities of biomass that then dies off and decomposes, leading
,to unpleasant odors. In addition to the aesthetic problems, some strains make toxins
that can be dangerous to ingest, leading to the closing of the lake. Treatment of the
water with alum (aluminum sulfate) to remove phosphorus from the water has helped to
limit growth of cyanobacteria.
How would you classify the cyanobacteria from Greenlake in terms of their carbon and
energy sources? - ANSWER Photoautotroph
Scientists isolated a new species of bacteria growing in sediments collected from a 63
meter deep site at the bottom of Lake Washington in Seattle This species, named Labrys
methylaminiphilus, is capable of obtaining its carbon and energy needs from
methylamine (CH3NH2), a derivative of ammonia (NH3) in which one H atom is replaced
by a methyl (CH3) group. L. methylaminiphilus grows at a temperature range of 10-35°C,
with optimal growth at 28-30°C, and a pH range of 4.0-9.5, with optimal growth at
5.0-7.0. Because methylamine is a single carbon compound resulting from the
breakdown of decaying organic matter, methylotrophic ("methyl-feeding") bacteria like
L. methylaminiphilus play an important role in carbon cycling in lake sediments and
other environments.
Consider the growth of L. methylaminiphilus on methylamine. How would you classify
this species based on its metabolism? - ANSWER Chemoorganoheterotroph
Which of the following compounds can be generated from precursor metabolites in the
TCA cycle? - ANSWER Some amino acids like aspartate, glutamate, and proline, Certain
protein components.
You are studying the metabolism of the phototrophic green sulfur bacterium
Chlorobaculum tepidum and realize that it is running a reversed TCA cycle! How do you
explain this observation? - ANSWER C. tepidum is using the reversed TCA cycle to fix
carbon dioxide.
n prokaryotic cells, the electron transport chain (ETC) is located in the ______, whereas
in eukaryotic cells, the ETC is located in the ______. - ANSWER cytoplasmic membrane;
inner membrane of mitochondria
How do chemolithotrophs acquire energy? - ANSWER From inorganic compounds
Which of the following are enzymes involved in anabolic reactions? - ANSWER ATP
synthase - generates ATP
DNA polymerase- generates DNA
DNA ligase - joins DNA fragments together
RNA polymerase - generates RNA
The terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is ______. - ANSWER oxygen
Glycolysis is the central metabolic pathway that involves the breakdown of ______. -
, ANSWER glucose
3. The energy released during the reactions of glycolysis is used to form ______. -
ANSWER adenosine triphosphate
Cells prefer to use carbohydrates as energy sources because - ANSWER they are such
good donors of hydrogen and electrons.
What is oxidation? - ANSWER The loss of electrons from a molecule.
Early in glycolysis, two phosphates are added to the glucose molecule. These
phosphates come from - ANSWER breaking down ATP
During glycolysis, a single 6-carbon molecule of glucose is converted to two 3-carbon
pyruvate molecules. During the later steps in this process, how many molecules of ATP
are generated? - ANSWER 4
The two 3-carbon molecules glucose is split into are converted through a series of steps
into pyruvate. During these steps - ANSWER NAD+ is converted to NADH.
After glycolysis, pyruvate can be converted into ______ under anaerobic conditions. -
ANSWER lactic acid
Glycolysis makes products that feed into - ANSWER electron transport chain, TCA cycle
AND fermentation.
The two 3-carbon molecules that glucose is split into during glycolysis are converted
through a series of steps ending in what 3-carbon molecule? - ANSWER Pyruvate
For each glucose molecule broken down by glycolysis, how many net ATP molecules are
produced? - ANSWER 2
______ refers to energy-requiring metabolic processes that result in the biosynthesis of
macromolecules and cellular structures. - ANSWER Anabolism
Which of the following is not a catabolic process? - ANSWER Protein synthesis
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle) occurs after ______. - ANSWER glycolysis
Glycolysis takes place in the ______. - ANSWER cytoplasm
