Patho NR 283 exam 1 Test Questions and
answers
Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division - ✅✅-In regards to
chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is known as what?
Huntington's disease - ✅✅-What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease?
✅✅-What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease?
Cystic fibrosis -
Red - green color blindness - ✅✅-What is an example of an X-linked condition?
Pyloric stenosis - ✅✅-What is an example of multifactorial inheritance?
A. elevated aspartate
aminotransferase
C. increased leukocytes
E. increased HR
✅✅
G. elevated creatinine kinase
H. elevated alanin aminostransferase - -Knowing physiologic signs of injury you might
expect the following system is consistent with systemic manifestations of cellular injury during a
myocardial infarction (select all that apply)
A. Elevated aspartate
aminotransferase (AST/SGOT)
C. Increased leukocytes
D. Pain
E. Increase heart rate
F. Fever
G. Elevated Creatinine Kinase
H. Elevated alanin aminostransferase (ALT/SGPT)
A. Decreased muscle tone, wrinkling in atrophy of the epidermis
✅✅
E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
F. increased formation of auto antibodies - -The nurse teaching an elderly client about the
aging process includes which changes that occur as part of the normal aging process? (select
all that apply)
A. Increase in total body potassium concentration
B. Increased gastric emptying
C. Decreased muscle tone
D. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
E. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
, F. Increased formation of autoantibodies
✅✅
Pathogens can be sloughed off by mechanical means, such as falling off in dead skin cells,
coughing or sneezing, vomiting, or flushing from the urinary tract in urine. - -What else is it
about the skin that protects individuals from injury and disease?
There is a low pH on the skin and stomach that generally inhibits microorganisms - ✅✅ -How
might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids associated with it also help to protect us
from infection?
It prevents and/or limits infection and additional damage by initiating the influx of plasma,
plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of leukocytes from the blood vessels to
✅✅
the injury. It recruits members of the adaptive immunity community to launch a more specific
defense against the pathogens and enhances the healing process. - -If inflammation is
considered a first responder and may be considered to be a hero, at least when it is in a
controlled state, what heroic acts may be attributed to it? How might the swelling associated
with inflammation actually help with the healing process? Erythema and warmth at a site of
injury typically cause discomfort, but how might one take solace in the fact that the response is
being initiated?
✅✅
Vasodilation of arterioles from the histamine triggered by mediators or mast cells but then
spasm to stop the bleeding - -What causes redness at the site of inflammation?
Neutrophils, monocytes, oxygen, nutrients to dilute toxins - ✅✅-What is brought to the injured
site when the vasodilation occurs?
Leukocytes - ✅✅-With vasodilation that dilates the capillaries, what lines the vessels?
✅✅
The cell squeeze through the gaps in the capillary walls to enter at the site of the infection -
-How do the traveling leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) arrive at the tissue where
the site of the infection is present?
Digests the foreign substances cellular debris - ✅✅-What does phagocytosis do at the site?
✅✅
Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin to wall off the injured area, taking the foreign substances to
make a mesh to support blood clotting and healing - -Why is fibrinogen important at the
site of injury?
Prostaglandins -✅✅-When the injury occurs, what stimulates the pain receptors?
Pyrogens are released by macrophages when exposed to bacteria - ✅✅-Why does the
hypothalamus increase the body temperature?
answers
Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division - ✅✅-In regards to
chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is known as what?
Huntington's disease - ✅✅-What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease?
✅✅-What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease?
Cystic fibrosis -
Red - green color blindness - ✅✅-What is an example of an X-linked condition?
Pyloric stenosis - ✅✅-What is an example of multifactorial inheritance?
A. elevated aspartate
aminotransferase
C. increased leukocytes
E. increased HR
✅✅
G. elevated creatinine kinase
H. elevated alanin aminostransferase - -Knowing physiologic signs of injury you might
expect the following system is consistent with systemic manifestations of cellular injury during a
myocardial infarction (select all that apply)
A. Elevated aspartate
aminotransferase (AST/SGOT)
C. Increased leukocytes
D. Pain
E. Increase heart rate
F. Fever
G. Elevated Creatinine Kinase
H. Elevated alanin aminostransferase (ALT/SGPT)
A. Decreased muscle tone, wrinkling in atrophy of the epidermis
✅✅
E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
F. increased formation of auto antibodies - -The nurse teaching an elderly client about the
aging process includes which changes that occur as part of the normal aging process? (select
all that apply)
A. Increase in total body potassium concentration
B. Increased gastric emptying
C. Decreased muscle tone
D. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
E. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
, F. Increased formation of autoantibodies
✅✅
Pathogens can be sloughed off by mechanical means, such as falling off in dead skin cells,
coughing or sneezing, vomiting, or flushing from the urinary tract in urine. - -What else is it
about the skin that protects individuals from injury and disease?
There is a low pH on the skin and stomach that generally inhibits microorganisms - ✅✅ -How
might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids associated with it also help to protect us
from infection?
It prevents and/or limits infection and additional damage by initiating the influx of plasma,
plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of leukocytes from the blood vessels to
✅✅
the injury. It recruits members of the adaptive immunity community to launch a more specific
defense against the pathogens and enhances the healing process. - -If inflammation is
considered a first responder and may be considered to be a hero, at least when it is in a
controlled state, what heroic acts may be attributed to it? How might the swelling associated
with inflammation actually help with the healing process? Erythema and warmth at a site of
injury typically cause discomfort, but how might one take solace in the fact that the response is
being initiated?
✅✅
Vasodilation of arterioles from the histamine triggered by mediators or mast cells but then
spasm to stop the bleeding - -What causes redness at the site of inflammation?
Neutrophils, monocytes, oxygen, nutrients to dilute toxins - ✅✅-What is brought to the injured
site when the vasodilation occurs?
Leukocytes - ✅✅-With vasodilation that dilates the capillaries, what lines the vessels?
✅✅
The cell squeeze through the gaps in the capillary walls to enter at the site of the infection -
-How do the traveling leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) arrive at the tissue where
the site of the infection is present?
Digests the foreign substances cellular debris - ✅✅-What does phagocytosis do at the site?
✅✅
Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin to wall off the injured area, taking the foreign substances to
make a mesh to support blood clotting and healing - -Why is fibrinogen important at the
site of injury?
Prostaglandins -✅✅-When the injury occurs, what stimulates the pain receptors?
Pyrogens are released by macrophages when exposed to bacteria - ✅✅-Why does the
hypothalamus increase the body temperature?
