Exam Questions and Verified A+ Answers
compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences - Addiction
A maladaptive pattern of substance use with tolerance, withdrawal, and persistent desire to
obtain? - Substance dependence
Educating patient on low-risk drinking - men no more than 4 drinks on one occasion or 14
drinks per week
women no more than 3 drinks on one occasion or 7 drinks/week
Deficiency leading to decrease mental functioning, weakness, ataxia, and nystagmus? -
Thiamine B1 - Wernickle encephalopathy
Pt. presents restless, increased HR, BP, and dilated pupils. Intoxication of what substance? -
Stimulants
Most often cause of death with use of ecstasy (MDMA)? - Dehydration & Hyperthermia
Insomnia, running nose, diaphoresis, muscle aches, nausea, chills, fever are S/S of withdrawal
from what? - Opioids - Heroin
Mu opioid receptor that blocks the effects of opioids while suppressing withdrawal symptoms? -
Methadone
Does NOT stimulant mu receptors, it just blocks them from being capable of stimulation? -
Naltrexone
Aversion therapy medication that treats chronic alcoholism? - Disulfiram
Inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norephinephrine to treat ADHD? -
Methlyphenidate
A prodrug activated by lysine portion of molecule by enzymes resulting in gradual release of
drug? - Lisdexamphetamine
Approved for ADHD and binge eating, also good for those with a history of drug abuse who are
adults with ADHD? - Lisdexamphetamine
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor - first non-stimulant approved by FDA for ADHD tx. (inhibits
presynaptic norepinephrine transport) - Atomoxetine
, reduced hyperactivity and/or impulsivity, also used for Tic disorder and Tourette's? - Alfa-
adrenergic agonists
eg. Clonidine, Guanfacine
Child on Adderall seems more irritable and emotional in afternoon. What is causing it? What
could you do? - Add additional short-acting dose in afternoon, change to long acting
(would be first option), add adjunctive dose of alfa-adrenergic agonist
Rapid onset, hours to weeks duration, fluctuating attention, impaired recent & immediate
memory? - Delirium
Reduce inactivation acetylcholine & thus potentiate cholinergic neurotransmitter for memory? -
Donepezil
Produces effect by blockade of NMDA receptors - indicated for moderate to severe memory? -
Memantine
Benzo options - elderly that has no active metabolites, half-lives that do not increases with age?
- Lorazepam
Often avoided in elderly due to significant orthostatic hypotension and anti-cholinergic effects? -
TCA's
Two TCA's are more tolerable for the elderly? - Desipramine & nortiptyline
Called pleasure chemical, too much schizophrenia, to little depression? - Dopamine
Plays tole in mood, anxiety, sleep and appetite, too little associated with depression? -
Serotonin
What is the expected time most anti-depressants take to exert significant effect? - 4-6
wks
Citalopram is an example of what class antidepressants? - SSRI
SSRI with one of the longest half-lives? - Fluoxetine
SSRI with the shortest half life? - Paroxetine
Risk if patient currently on antidepressants adjuncts tx, with St. Johns wort? - Serotonin
Syndrome
SSRI with benefits for OCD but requires teaching and compliance due to drug interactions? -
Fluvoxamine