PS 350
Cognitive Psychology
3.0 Credits
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
©2025
,Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Which model primarily explains working memory as composed of
multiple subsystems including the phonological loop and
visuospatial sketchpad?
A) Levels of Processing Model
B) Multi-Store Model
C) Baddeley and Hitch Model
D) Connectionist Model
ANS: C) Baddeley and Hitch Model
Rationale: The Baddeley and Hitch model (1974) proposed working
memory as comprising multiple components, including the
phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive,
distinguishing it from earlier single-store frameworks.
In the context of cognitive control, which brain region is most
critically involved in task switching and inhibitory control?
A) Hippocampus
B) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
C) Amygdala
D) Occipital lobe
ANS: B) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
Rationale: The DLPFC is heavily implicated in executive
functions—including cognitive control, task switching, planning, and
inhibiting inappropriate responses.
Which of the following best describes the 'dual-process theory' in
cognitive psychology?
A) Learning occurs only through reinforcement and punishment.
B) Cognition operates via fast, automatic processes and slow,
controlled processes.
C) Memory storage is divided into short and long-term memory.
D) Language comprehension involves phonological and semantic
processing separately.
ANS: B) Cognition operates via fast, automatic processes and
©2025
, slow, controlled processes.
Rationale: Dual-process theory posits two cognitive systems:
System 1 (fast, intuitive) and System 2 (slow, deliberative).
Which method is commonly used to study the temporal dynamics of
cognitive processes with high time resolution?
A) fMRI
B) Electroencephalography (EEG)
C) PET scans
D) Diffusion tensor imaging
ANS: B) Electroencephalography (EEG)
Rationale: EEG provides millisecond-level temporal resolution,
suited to track rapid cognitive processing over time.
What does the 'Stroop effect' demonstrate within cognitive
psychology?
A) The role of unconscious priming
B) The interference of automatic processing on controlled
processing
C) The capacity limits of working memory
D) The process of schema activation
ANS: B) The interference of automatic processing on controlled
processing
Rationale: The Stroop effect shows how automatic reading
interferes with naming ink color, illustrating interference in cognitive
control.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
The process of encoding information based on its meaning rather
than physical characteristics is called __________ encoding.
ANS: semantic
Rationale: Semantic encoding involves processing the meaning of
information, which leads to deeper encoding and better memory
recall.
The phenomenon in which people tend to remember the first and
©2025
Cognitive Psychology
3.0 Credits
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
©2025
,Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Which model primarily explains working memory as composed of
multiple subsystems including the phonological loop and
visuospatial sketchpad?
A) Levels of Processing Model
B) Multi-Store Model
C) Baddeley and Hitch Model
D) Connectionist Model
ANS: C) Baddeley and Hitch Model
Rationale: The Baddeley and Hitch model (1974) proposed working
memory as comprising multiple components, including the
phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive,
distinguishing it from earlier single-store frameworks.
In the context of cognitive control, which brain region is most
critically involved in task switching and inhibitory control?
A) Hippocampus
B) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
C) Amygdala
D) Occipital lobe
ANS: B) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
Rationale: The DLPFC is heavily implicated in executive
functions—including cognitive control, task switching, planning, and
inhibiting inappropriate responses.
Which of the following best describes the 'dual-process theory' in
cognitive psychology?
A) Learning occurs only through reinforcement and punishment.
B) Cognition operates via fast, automatic processes and slow,
controlled processes.
C) Memory storage is divided into short and long-term memory.
D) Language comprehension involves phonological and semantic
processing separately.
ANS: B) Cognition operates via fast, automatic processes and
©2025
, slow, controlled processes.
Rationale: Dual-process theory posits two cognitive systems:
System 1 (fast, intuitive) and System 2 (slow, deliberative).
Which method is commonly used to study the temporal dynamics of
cognitive processes with high time resolution?
A) fMRI
B) Electroencephalography (EEG)
C) PET scans
D) Diffusion tensor imaging
ANS: B) Electroencephalography (EEG)
Rationale: EEG provides millisecond-level temporal resolution,
suited to track rapid cognitive processing over time.
What does the 'Stroop effect' demonstrate within cognitive
psychology?
A) The role of unconscious priming
B) The interference of automatic processing on controlled
processing
C) The capacity limits of working memory
D) The process of schema activation
ANS: B) The interference of automatic processing on controlled
processing
Rationale: The Stroop effect shows how automatic reading
interferes with naming ink color, illustrating interference in cognitive
control.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
The process of encoding information based on its meaning rather
than physical characteristics is called __________ encoding.
ANS: semantic
Rationale: Semantic encoding involves processing the meaning of
information, which leads to deeper encoding and better memory
recall.
The phenomenon in which people tend to remember the first and
©2025
