CCI Echocardiography Exam Practice
2025 | Questions & Answers (100%
Verified)
Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker? - ANSWER - The SA node has the highest
intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue.
The save of contraction (depolarization) moves from the endocardium to the
epicardium. - ANSWER - Inside to outside. Look at the purkinje fibers above.
What is the absolute refractory state? - ANSWER - That period when a muscle cell is
not excitable- from phase 1 into phase 3; the 'relative refractory period' is during phase
3 and the muscle cell might contract if the stimulus is strong.
Know what P wave, P-R interval, T wave represents - ANSWER - P wave- atrial systole
P-R interval- includes P-R segment (from atrial to ventricular depolarization)
QRS complex- ventricular diastole (repolarization)
What is the normal duration for the QRS complex? - ANSWER - 0.10 sec
Frank-Sterling Law - ANSWER - Increased volume= increased contractility
RUBBER BAND THEORY
Acute AI is hypercontractile because we shift up the Starling curve - ANSWER - Chronic
AI is failure when we drop off the end
Does a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) increase LV preload? - ANSWER - yes (when
shunt L-R)
Echo finding for preload vs. afterload... - ANSWER - Preload= dilatation
Afterload= hypertrophy
Which study does not allows for the calculations of ejection fraction? - ANSWER - CXR
Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration? - ANSWER - Increase
Mitral valve velocity during inspiration increases or decreases? - ANSWER - Increases
Hepatic venous flow reveral indicates _______ TR. - ANSWER - Severe
Given a TR velocity of 4.0m/sec what is the RVSP? - ANSWER - 70mmHg
, A patient has a RVSP of 60mmHg. One year later the RVSP is 30mmHg. What
happened to the pt? - ANSWER - Coanda effect?
Coanda Effect- Define. - ANSWER - Wall hugging effect
Pulmonary venous systolic flow reversal is.. - ANSWER - Severe MR
Which of the following is used in echo to measure dP/dt? - ANSWER - Mitral
regurgitation
dP/dt measurement of mitral regurgitation assesses what? - ANSWER - LV systolic
dysfunction
______ is the rate of rise of LV pressure? - ANSWER - dP/dt
LAP= - ANSWER - systolic BP- MR gradient
Know pressure waveforms for MR (late systolic jump in LA pressure) pg. 97 - ANSWER
- ...
Know about Marfan's syndrome.. define - ANSWER - Congenital connective tissue
disease causing aortic dilatation of MVP
In Marfan syndrome, why does aortic dissection and MVP occue? - ANSWER -
Connective tissue disorder
Know Ehlers-Danlos. Another connecative tissue disorder - ANSWER - like Marfan's
pts, you look for MVP dilated Ao dissection
Severe Ao aneurysms are greater than: - ANSWER - 5.0cm
Know libman-sachs= - ANSWER - Lupus and Marantic endocarditis
St. Jude is a __________ valve - ANSWER - Bi-leaflet
Autografts - ANSWER - means using pts own tissue
Pannus - ANSWER - host tissue overgrowth
What are all the cardiomyopathies? - ANSWER - Dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive,
ischemic
Which cardiomyopathy is autosomal dominant? - ANSWER - Hypertrophic
Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (AHCM) - ANSWER - Normal etiology (genetic)
Typical spectral Doppler finding (flow acceleration in mid LV)
2025 | Questions & Answers (100%
Verified)
Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker? - ANSWER - The SA node has the highest
intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue.
The save of contraction (depolarization) moves from the endocardium to the
epicardium. - ANSWER - Inside to outside. Look at the purkinje fibers above.
What is the absolute refractory state? - ANSWER - That period when a muscle cell is
not excitable- from phase 1 into phase 3; the 'relative refractory period' is during phase
3 and the muscle cell might contract if the stimulus is strong.
Know what P wave, P-R interval, T wave represents - ANSWER - P wave- atrial systole
P-R interval- includes P-R segment (from atrial to ventricular depolarization)
QRS complex- ventricular diastole (repolarization)
What is the normal duration for the QRS complex? - ANSWER - 0.10 sec
Frank-Sterling Law - ANSWER - Increased volume= increased contractility
RUBBER BAND THEORY
Acute AI is hypercontractile because we shift up the Starling curve - ANSWER - Chronic
AI is failure when we drop off the end
Does a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) increase LV preload? - ANSWER - yes (when
shunt L-R)
Echo finding for preload vs. afterload... - ANSWER - Preload= dilatation
Afterload= hypertrophy
Which study does not allows for the calculations of ejection fraction? - ANSWER - CXR
Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration? - ANSWER - Increase
Mitral valve velocity during inspiration increases or decreases? - ANSWER - Increases
Hepatic venous flow reveral indicates _______ TR. - ANSWER - Severe
Given a TR velocity of 4.0m/sec what is the RVSP? - ANSWER - 70mmHg
, A patient has a RVSP of 60mmHg. One year later the RVSP is 30mmHg. What
happened to the pt? - ANSWER - Coanda effect?
Coanda Effect- Define. - ANSWER - Wall hugging effect
Pulmonary venous systolic flow reversal is.. - ANSWER - Severe MR
Which of the following is used in echo to measure dP/dt? - ANSWER - Mitral
regurgitation
dP/dt measurement of mitral regurgitation assesses what? - ANSWER - LV systolic
dysfunction
______ is the rate of rise of LV pressure? - ANSWER - dP/dt
LAP= - ANSWER - systolic BP- MR gradient
Know pressure waveforms for MR (late systolic jump in LA pressure) pg. 97 - ANSWER
- ...
Know about Marfan's syndrome.. define - ANSWER - Congenital connective tissue
disease causing aortic dilatation of MVP
In Marfan syndrome, why does aortic dissection and MVP occue? - ANSWER -
Connective tissue disorder
Know Ehlers-Danlos. Another connecative tissue disorder - ANSWER - like Marfan's
pts, you look for MVP dilated Ao dissection
Severe Ao aneurysms are greater than: - ANSWER - 5.0cm
Know libman-sachs= - ANSWER - Lupus and Marantic endocarditis
St. Jude is a __________ valve - ANSWER - Bi-leaflet
Autografts - ANSWER - means using pts own tissue
Pannus - ANSWER - host tissue overgrowth
What are all the cardiomyopathies? - ANSWER - Dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive,
ischemic
Which cardiomyopathy is autosomal dominant? - ANSWER - Hypertrophic
Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (AHCM) - ANSWER - Normal etiology (genetic)
Typical spectral Doppler finding (flow acceleration in mid LV)
