PSY 4521 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE

PSY 4521 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE



Thebndifferencebnbetweenbnabnstressbnresponsebnandbnstressorbnexposurebn-bnanswers--
Stressbnresponsesbnarebnthebnpsychologicalbnandbnbiologicalbnresponsesbntobnstress



Stressbnexposuresbnarebnthebn"events"bnthemselvesbnwhichbncanbnrangebnfrombnmajorbncrisesbntobndail
ybnhasslesbnandbnambientbnstressors



Thesebnexposuresbndobnnotbnnecessarilybncausebnabnstressbnresponse



Thebndifferentbntypesbnofbnstressorbnexposuresbn(crises,bnmajorbnlifebnevents,bnetc.)—bebnablebnto

providebnanbnexamplebnofbneachbn-bnanswers--1.bnCrises:bnunforeseen,bnunpredictable

ex:bnNaturalbndisaster,bncarbnaccidents



2.bnMajorbnlifebnevents:bninfrequentbnevents,bnoftenbninvolvingbnlifebntransitions

ex:bnhavingbnabnbaby,bnmoving



3.bnDailybnhassles:bnFrequentbnminorbnnuisances

ex:bnabnsinkbnfullbnofbndishes,bnschoolwork,bnthingsbnthatbncanbnpilebnup



4.Ambientbnstressors:bnchronic,bnnegative,bnnon-urgent,bnphysicallybnperceptible,bnunchangeable

ex:bnrushbnhour,bnloudbnrestaurant



ThebnmainbnresultsbnfrombnthebnNCHAbnandbnotherbnstudiesbn(e.g.,bnthebnpercentagebnofbnstudents

reportingbnmorebnthanbnaveragebnstress,bnthebnmostbnfrequentlybnreportedbnstressors,bnthebnnumberbn
ofbnstressorsbnmostbnstudentsbnreport,bnwhatbnstudentsbnsaybnmostbnaffectsbntheirbnacademicbnperfor

,mance);bnseebnalsobnsummarybnslidebn-bnanswers--
MainbnresultsbnfrombnNCHA:bnMajoritybnofbnstudentsbn(45%)bnreportbnmorebnthanbnaveragebnorbntrem
endousbnstressbninbnpastbn12bnmonths



Mostbnfrequentlybnreportedbnstressorsbn(NCHA):bnAcademics,bnintimatebnrelationships,bnfinances,bnpers
onalbnappearance,bnsleepbndifficulties



Stressbnaffectedbntheirbnacademicbnperformancebnmorebnthanbnanybnotherbnfactor



52.3%bnofbncollegebnstudentsbnreportedbn3bnorbnmorebnstressors.bn

bnDuebntobnquestion-wording,bnthebnNCHAbnsurveybnyieldsbnhigherbnestimatesbnofbnstressorbnexposure.




Studentsbnsaybnstressbnaffectsbntheirbnacademicbnperformancebnmorebnthanbnanybnotherbnfactorbn(NCH
AbnandbnSHS)




•bnInbngeneral,bnstudentsbnreportbnmorebncopingbnefficacybnthanbnstressbn(SHSbnsurvey)



Agebngroupsbn-bnanswers--Olderbnadultsbn(agesbn73bnandbnolder)



bnB.bnBabybnboomersbn(agesbn54-72)




C.bnGenbnXersbn(agesbn40-53)



D.bnMillennialsbn(agesbn22-39)



E.bnGenbnZsbn(15-21)



ThebnmainbnfindingsbnfrombnthebnAPAbnStressbninbnAmericabnSurvey,bnincluding:

,obnAveragebnstressbnratingsbnvs.bnhealthybnlevelsbnofbnstress



obnThebnmainbnsourcesbnofbnstress



obnGroupbndifferencesbninbnstressbnlevelsbn(e.g.,bnage,bngender,bnrace)bn



obnMethodologicalbnissuesbn(seebnlastbnslide)bn-bnanswers--
USbnadultsbnratebntheirbnstressbnhigherbnthanbn"healthy"bnlevelbnofbnstress

2014bnMeanbnHEALTHYbnstressbnlevel:bn3.7

2014bnMeanbnstressbnlevel:bn4.9bn(averagebnforbnallbnadults)



Moneybn(64%bninbn2014)bnandbnworkbn(60%bninbn2014)bnarebnhistoricallybnthebnbiggestbnsourcesbnofbns
tress



Millennialsbn(agebn18-
38)bnreportbnthebnmostbnstressbn(nextbnisbnGetbnZ,bnGenbnX,bnboomersbnandbnolderbnadultsbnlast)



Womenbn(5.2bninbn2014)bnreportbnmorebnstressbnthanbnmenbn(4.5bninbn2014)



Hispanicbn(5.1)bnadultsbncurrentlybnreportbnmostbnstressbnthanbnanybnotherbnracebn(thenbnblack(4.9),bnl
astbnisbnwhite(4.7))



LGBTbnadultsbnreportbnhigherbnstressbnlevelsbnthanbntheirbnnon-LGBTbnpeers.



Methodologicalbnissues:bn



•bnSamplebnnotbnrepresentative

•bnAbn"healthy"bnlevelbnofbnstressbnisbnnotbndefinedbn

•bnNobninformationbnonbnstatisticalbnsignificancebn

•bnReportingbncanbnbebninconsistentbnoverbnthebnyearsbn

, •bnSourcesbnofbnstressbnassessedbnarebnlimited

•bnDon'tbnreallybnexplainbndecreasesbnoverbntime



HowbntobndescribebnthebnJobbnDemand-Resourcesbnmodelbn(includingbnthebndefinitionsbnofbnburnout

andbnworkbnengagement)bn-bnanswers--
verybninfluentialbnmodelbninbntermsbnofbnbothbnresearchbnandbnpractice



Workersbnwhobnhavebnmorebnjobbndemandsbnreportbnmorebnburnout.bn



Workersbnwithbnmorebnjobbnresourcesbnarebnlessbnburnedbnoutbnbutbnthebnrelationshipbnisbnnotbnasbnst
rongbnasbnthebnrelationshipbnbetweenbnjobbndemandsbnandbnburnouts.bn



Jobbndemandsbnandbnresourcesbninteractbnwithbneachbnother.bnWorstbncombobnisbnhighbndemandsbnan
dbnlowbnresources



Burnout:bnexhaustion,bncynicism,bnfeelingsbnofbnreducedbnefficacy.bnResultsbnfrombnchronicbnworkplace
bnstressbnthatbnhasbnnotbnbeenbnsuccessfullybnmanaged

-
Antecedents:bnJobbndemandsbn(vs.bnresourcesbnorbnpersonalbncharacteristics)bnarebnthebnmostbnimport
antbnantecedentsbnofbnburnout.bnandbnALSObnWORKbnengagement!



Workbnengagement:bnenergy/vigor,bninvolvement/dedication,bnabsorption

Antecedents:bnJobbnresourcesbn(vs.bndemands)bnarebnthebnmostbnimportantbnantecedentsbnofbnworkbne
ngagement.



Whatbnarebnsomebnofbnthebnmainbntypesbnofbnjobbndemands?bn



(Jobbnaspectsbnthatbnrequirebnphysical,bnemotionalbnorbncognitivebneffort)bn-bnanswers--
Rolebnambiguity:bnUnclearbnworkbnresponsibilitiesbn



Rolebnconflict:bnConflictingbndemandsbnatbnworkbn