Exploring technology FBLA Questions and Answers correct

Exploring technology FBLA Questions and Answers correct Computer literacy The knowledge of what a computer is and how it can be used. Includes having a familiarity with computer terminology so that one can intelligently discuss computers and make use of them at work and home. Internet a computer network consisting of a worldwide network of computer networks that use the TCP/IP network protocols to facilitate data transmission and exchange Access provider a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee ISP Internet Service Provider IP address a number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to the Internet World wide web a system of computers that share information by means of links on web pages Web page a document connected to the World Wide Web and viewable by anyone connected to the internet who has a web browser Website A related group of Web pages usually belonging to an organization or individual. Browsers A program used to view HTML documents. Home page Main page of a web site; usually the first page. Weblink an address that links to a document or to a web page; also called a hyperlink Search engine a computer program that retrieves documents or files or data from a database or from a computer network (especially from the internet) Portal Entrance Multimedia transmission that combines media of communication (text and graphics and sound etc.) e-commerce Business conducted electronically (buying/selling on web) e-mail communicate electronically on the computer in form of mail IM Instant Message Application software Software that performs some useful task such as word processing or playing a game for a user. Packaged software Mass-produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a wide variety of users, not just a single user or company. Shareware software that is available free of charge Desktop (computer science) the area of the screen in graphical user interfaces against which icons and windows appear Button an electrical switch operated by pressing a button System unit A computer case that contains the CPU, power supply, memory, and storage Motherboard a circuit board that contains all of the computer system's main components. CPU (Central Processing Unit) (computer science) the part of a computer (a microprocessor chip) that does most of the data processing Control unit Component of a processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. Memory the power of retaining and recalling past experience Expansion slot Opening on the motherboard where an expansion board, also called an adapter card, can be inserted. Adaptor card a generic term used to describe any card inserted onto the motherboard of a computer to add functions such as sound and video Peripheral (Computer science) electronic equipment connected by cable to the CPU of a computer Plug and play The capability of windows-based pc operating systems to detect new, compatible devices. Express Card module Removable flash memory device that can be used to add memory, storage, communications, multimedia, and security capabilities to a computer. USB port universal serial bus, allows you to connect additional devices Input device a device that can be used to insert data into a computer or other computational device RFID radio frequency identification Output device allows the user to view or listen to the data a computer processes such as a monitor, printer, headphones, or speakers Display device visually conveys text, graphics, and video information Interactive whiteboard Whiteboards that are connected to a computer and input can be accomplished by writing or tapping on the whiteboard through interactive software. 5 parts of a computer input method(s), output, memory, control unit, and CPU 5 rules of netiquette 1. Spell check and proofread all written Internet communication. 2. Do not write in all capital letters. 3. Tell the truth online because honesty creates the best online experience. 4. Do not do things online you would not do in reality. 5. Do not send email at night because normal people sleep at night. Late night email may call your lifestyle into question. 3 output devices printer, monitor, and speakers 5 input devices (KMMWS). keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, and webcam. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE CONCEPTS Access time The time it takes a program and device to retrieve data and make it available to the microprocessor. ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange Provides a standard representation for English characters, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127. These codes enable data to be exchanged from one computer to another. Assembly language A programming language in which each machine language instruction is represented by mnemonic characters. Bar code Special identification labels found on most merchandise. A code include vertical lines of differing widths that are read by an optical scanner. Bulletin Board System A computer system that functions as a centralized info source and message switching system for a particular interest group. CD-ROM A storage device that uses laser optics for reading data rather than magnetic storage devices (600 megabytes each) Central Processing Unit (CPU) The hardware that contains the circuits that control the interpretation and execution of instructions and that serves as the principal data processing device Checkpoint Any one of a series of points during a long processing run at which an exact copy of all data values and status indicators of a program are captures, also backs up data. Compiler A computer program that converts a source program into an object program. computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) A manufacturing approach in which much of the manufacturing process is performed and monitored by computerized equipment. Cooperative processing A system that permits the computers in a distributed processing network to share the use of another end user's application program. Data buffer A temporary storage area, usually in RAM, that holds data before or after being processed by the microprocessor. Database Management System (DBMS) A complex software package that permits users to access info from the database. Does no actually run application programs. Decision table A table that indicates the alternative logic conditions and actions to be taken in a program. Direct conversion An approach to converting from one system to another in which the old system is discontinued after which the new system is started (burning the bridges or crash conversion) Docking station These devices allow a user to plug in a laptop and use it with input/output devices similar to a desktop computer. Embedded Audit module Special portions of application programs that track items of interest to auditors, such as any unauthorized attempts to access the data files Facilities management organization Manages an organizations in-house data processing facilities under the user's guidelines. Fuzzy logic Systems suitable for dealing with imprecise (ambiguous) data and problems having many solutions. Generalized Audit Software (GAS) Designed to allow auditors to select sample data from files and check computations Hardware controls Controls built into the computer by the manufacturer to detect computer failure, including duplicate circuitry, echo checks, and dual reading Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) A file organization and access approach in which records are stored in sequential order by their primary key on a direct access storage device, with an index file Input devices Hardware used to enter data into the computer system Integrated Test Facility (ITF) A testing technique in which a dummy computer or division is introduced into the company's computer system, and test transactions are conducted from it. Language processor A type of conversion program that converts source program into instruction codes that the CPU can execute. Linked list A file structure that contains a field that has the address of the next record Machine language Programs or data that have been converted into binary code. Macro A series of keystrokes or commands that can be given a name, stored, and activated each time the keystrokes must be repeated. Magnetic Disk A round plate on which data can be encoded, old school Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) The recognition of characters printed by a machine that uses special magnetic ink, using in the banking industry Magnetic Tape A secondary storage medium that is about 1/2 inch in width and that has a magnetic surface on which data can be stored. Modem Modulator/demodulator, a communications device that converts the computers digital signal into analog signals that can be sent or received over phone lines. Multiprocessor computer system A computer that allows multiple processing units to function simultaneously, therefore allowing simultaneous execution of more tasks. Multiprogramming A technique used to enable an operating system to handle two or more independent programs by overlapping their execution Object technology Permits developers to reuse portions of program code and this decrease the amount of new program code that is required for an application Operating system A software program that controls the overall operation of a computer system Optical Character Recognition (OCR) The use of light-sensitive hardware devices to convert characters readable by humans into computer input. Parallel conversion A systems conversion approach in which the new and old systems are run simultaneously until the organization is assured the new system is functioning correctly Performance monitoring The systematic measurement and evaluation of operating results such as transaction rates, response time, and incidence of error conditions Pilot conversion The implementation of a system in just one part of the org., such as a branch location Point of sale recorders Electronic devices that function as both a terminal and a cash register Random Access Memory (RAM) A temporary storage location for computer instructions and data Read-only memory (ROM) Internal CPU memory that can only be read and usually may not be changed Service Program Application programs that can be called in by the user's programs to perform some common, subordinate function "canned" Software Monitor Collects data on the use of various hardware components during a computer run Spreadsheet A table of values Storage Placement of data in internal memory Systems software Software that interfaces between the hardware and the application program Teleconferencing An electronic meeting conducted among several parties at remote sites Trojan horse A set of unauthorized computer instructions in an authorized and otherwise properly functioning program. Usenet group Public electronic discussion groups in which anyone on the internet can participate Windowing A characteristic of a microcomputer system that can display more than one program on the screen at the same time INTRO TO TECHNOLOGY Random Access memory Temporarily holds programs and data while the computer is on and allows the computer to access that information randomly Memory capacity/Storage capacity The amount of data that the computer can handle at any given time and is measure in megabytes or gigabytes Cache memory A special, high speed memory chip on the motherboard or CPU itself that stores frequently accessed and recently accessed data and commands