Equality QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. "God does now not show favouritism" - Romans 2:eleven - ANSWER-Even whilst
maximum societies believed in a natural human hierarchy, Christianity proposed
the hard idea that each one human beings had been similarly cherished and
valued by means of God
2. "It's time to impact a revolution in girl manners - time to repair to them their lost dignity. It
is time to separate unchangeable morals from neighborhood manners." -
ANSWER-Wollstonecraft recognises that gender roles are 'local manners' instead
of 'unchangeable morals' and this concept is the premise for feminist notion: in
modern terminology, gender roles are socially built and no longer based on
unchangeable biological variations.
3. Wollstonecraft refers back to the 'misplaced dignity' of ladies, due to the fact she
believes in the biblical story of ladies and men being created same by way of god.
1933: The Stephan Lawrence Murder - ANSWER-o Stephen Lawrence changed into a
black teenager who was murdered in 1933 at a London bus prevent.
O The homicide become a racial hate crime however the police mishandled the
investigation so badly that the 1999 McPherson Report into the case concluded
that the Metropolitan police become "Institutionally Racist"
o Institutional racism means that the enterprise's strategies and priorities are
such that even person who not racist feature as if they have been racist at the
same time as running in it.
O On a much wider degree in society, institutional racism may be responsible for
terrible stereotypes of BAME companies within the media and decrease tiers of
investment in Neighbourhoods and faculties for BAME businesses as well as
adverse policing that prevents, arrests and punishes BAME suspect's
disproportionality.
4. 1948: The Windrush generation - ANSWER-o Empire Windrush was a ship that
arrived in Tilbury Docks in 1948 carry 492 passengers from Jaimaica, Trinidad,
and Tobago who had come to paintings in Britain, which turned into experiencing
labour shortage after the warfare. These immigrants arrived in a country that had
been Racially Homogenous and was not very welcoming.
O These West Indians have been accompanied through greater over twenty years
and that they skilled exploitation with the aid of slum landlords, racial harassment
in public and their youngsters had been often bullied in faculty.
5. A fifth know-how of equality is associated with the lawyer and logician Ronald Dworkin
(1931-2013) - ANSWER-Luck Egalitarianism - argues that an identical society is
one wherein variations among humans are because of their alternatives and
attempt and not luck. This technique resembles Equality of Condition because it
will compensate humans who have the bad luck to be born with disadvantages
and additionally Equality of Outcome as it will be capable of help for people who
, are unfortunate to save you them dropping below a positive level of equality
important to participate in society.
6. A greater debatable utilitarian role is argued with the aid of Australian truth seeker peter
singer. In sensible ethic 1993, singer argues that we is probably justified in killing
disabled toddlers: - ANSWER-"When the death of a disabled little one will result in
the beginning of another toddler with better possibilities of a glad life, the entire
amount if happiness could be greater if the disabled toddler is killed"
Singer has an extended records of making controversial feedback about the
disabled, but his position shows a problem for utilitarianism, because if a few
human beings are much less succesful of getting glad satisfied lives due to
disabilities - and if being concerned for them brings frustration and
disappointment to their family and community - then their lives have much less
application than non-disabled person.
7. According to the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation -
ANSWER-(UPIAS), disability isn't inside the impairment someone reports but
inside the social exclusion they experience due to their impairment.
8. An instance of spiritual beliefs except human beings with disabilities ... -
ANSWER-would be the 'prayer camps' in Ghana. The African nation of Ghana is
said to be the most non secular society in the world, with 96% of the populace
figuring out with spiritual ideals and 71% with Christianity. Disabilities are
normally vied as as a result of evil spirits. People with intellectual disabilities are
despatched to prayer camps while they're regularly starved and chained up - this
institution has been condemned via the Human Rights Watch.
9. Another downside for Kantian Ethics is that it does now not help fine discrimination or
any political role more potent than Equality of Opportunity - ANSWER-- for instance,
quotas e.G, making sure proportions of human beings with disabilities in
parliament or in top companies or in the media are based totally on Equality of
condition but pass towards the specific vital, seeing that they contain treating
non-disabled people as 'subjective ends' and depriving them of jobs seeing that
they might deserve for the sake of disability equality.
10.Apartheid and segregation - ANSWER-o Even after the abolition of slavery, there
remains a sour legacy.
O In the Usa, the former 'slave states' added Jim Crow legal guidelines in 1877that
forced blacks and whites to guide segregated lives, living in separate regions,
attending separate colleges, the use of separate facilities.
O Laws prevented the races from intermarrying which was known as a crime
referred to as Miscegenation, consuming collectively or even shaking hands.
O Not simplest had been the races segregated but they had been additionally
handled unequally - centers for the black populace had been underfunded, the
police and courts discriminated towards them and the entire machine become
underpinned by means of the hazard of violence.
, O The northern states has lesser versions of Jim Crow legal guidelines too,
restricting blacks from balloting or attending school and designating some
commercial enterprise as 'white handiest'
o A similar system changed into installation in South Africa in 1948 with the aid of
the white ruling minority; this became termed Apartheid.
O From 1960-eighty three 3.Five million non-white south Africans have been
compelled out in their homes and despatched to 'townships' and 'tribal
homelands'
o Opponents of the Apartheid Regime were shipped, forty,000 whippings passed
off each year, or they have been hanged.
11.O Journalists and campaigners have been arrested without trial and tortured, like
the activist Steve Biko who died from police beatings in 1977.
12.Aristotle distinguishes between two sorts of equality: - ANSWER-Ancient writers
tended to discuss equality as a type of justice.
1. NUMERICAL EQUALITY = whilst every body gets the identical amount of
something; for instance, in a democracy each person would possibly get one vote,
irrespective of what process they do, how a whole lot they earn or their gender.
2. PROPORITIONAL EQUALITY = when anybody receives an amount of something
proportionate to their deserts; as an instance in a meritocracy everybody receives
paid a wage based on the difficulty and responsibility of their work.
These aren't trivial distinctions made with the aid of Aristotle; in his society,
slaves and ladies could not vote. In Britain up until 1948, university graduates and
assets owners acquired multiple vote so numerical equality was a long time
coming.
13.As a whole religious ideas of equality are tough to distinguish as a few religions do
promote equality but their scripture knocks this down. - ANSWER-Some troubles in
setting non secular ideas of equality into pratice can be seen in the comparison
between Dorothy Day's catholic worker movement and liberation theology.
Dorothy Day argued for a kind of 'Christian Anarchism' and refused to have
anything to do with the authorities consisting of turning into a tax exempt charity
or lay down guidelines for other catholic employee corporations . The catholic
Worker movement makes a massive differnece to the people who be part of it and
whom it allows, however it is not set up to alternate society.
Liberation theology facets with marxist political progressive grouops to overthrow
corrupt regimes in principal and south America. This makes it more effectice at
changing society but on the cost of different christian teachings approximately
non violence and forgiveness.
The catholic church is considering making Dorothy Day a saint, but previous
Popes have criticised Liberation Theology.
, Pople John Paul made this clean in a sermon in mexico in 1990: "Be cautious,
then, no longer to just accept nor allow a imaginative and prescient of human
existence as conflict nor ideologuies which proposes elegance hatred and
violence to be instilled in you"
Marxism is a 'imaginative and prescient of human existence as conflict' and as an
ideology that proposes 'class hatred and violence' so that is genuinely an attack
on Liberation Theology, telling catholics to paintings in the direction of equality in
more traditional, less modern approaches.
14.Attitudes to girls clergymen - ANSWER-The United Reformed Church and the
Salvation Army have constantly had girls ministers.
The Baptist church has had girls ministers since the Nineteen Twenties.
The ordination of the first female Church of England Vicars in 1994 triggered
sizeable division and some male leaders, in addition to other ladies and men, left
the church in protest.
The Roman Catholic and Orthodox church buildings do now not permit ladies
clergymen. This is because Jesus chose men to be his apostle and the muse of
the Church, not girls
Jesus's authority has additionally been handed on via men. When celebrating the
Eucharist's, the priest represents Christ, who turned into a person - Women
consequently can't play this function.
15.Because of the McPherson Report's damning conclusions 1993 is frequently taken as
the start line for assessment of the way much progress has been made in Racial
Equality in Britain: - ANSWER-o There are 4 instances as many BAME MP's in
parliament as there have been in 1993
o According to a 2017 ballot , a high percentage of people sense they "belong to
Britian" (white 85%, Asian eighty four% and black 81%)
o However, less than half forty three% of BAME respondents assume development
has been made on racial equality due to the fact that 1993 and sixteen% consider
Britain is greater unequal.
O Black guys are eight times more likely to be stopped and searched through the
police than white men in 2017 (four.Four times in 2015)
o London's Metropolitan Police has the hugest percentage of BAME officers inside
the UK - but they make up handiest 13% of the force, compared to forty% of
London's population.
O The unemployment charge for BAME humans (8%) is almost double that of
white human beings (4.6%)
^^ so there has been a few development, but there nevertheless is greater to do to
bring about a racially identical society.
16.Because utilitarianism attracts its concept of 'everyday' from the enjoy of the majority it
helps what Leslie Fieldler calls "the tyranny of the everyday: - ANSWER-"Creating in
1. "God does now not show favouritism" - Romans 2:eleven - ANSWER-Even whilst
maximum societies believed in a natural human hierarchy, Christianity proposed
the hard idea that each one human beings had been similarly cherished and
valued by means of God
2. "It's time to impact a revolution in girl manners - time to repair to them their lost dignity. It
is time to separate unchangeable morals from neighborhood manners." -
ANSWER-Wollstonecraft recognises that gender roles are 'local manners' instead
of 'unchangeable morals' and this concept is the premise for feminist notion: in
modern terminology, gender roles are socially built and no longer based on
unchangeable biological variations.
3. Wollstonecraft refers back to the 'misplaced dignity' of ladies, due to the fact she
believes in the biblical story of ladies and men being created same by way of god.
1933: The Stephan Lawrence Murder - ANSWER-o Stephen Lawrence changed into a
black teenager who was murdered in 1933 at a London bus prevent.
O The homicide become a racial hate crime however the police mishandled the
investigation so badly that the 1999 McPherson Report into the case concluded
that the Metropolitan police become "Institutionally Racist"
o Institutional racism means that the enterprise's strategies and priorities are
such that even person who not racist feature as if they have been racist at the
same time as running in it.
O On a much wider degree in society, institutional racism may be responsible for
terrible stereotypes of BAME companies within the media and decrease tiers of
investment in Neighbourhoods and faculties for BAME businesses as well as
adverse policing that prevents, arrests and punishes BAME suspect's
disproportionality.
4. 1948: The Windrush generation - ANSWER-o Empire Windrush was a ship that
arrived in Tilbury Docks in 1948 carry 492 passengers from Jaimaica, Trinidad,
and Tobago who had come to paintings in Britain, which turned into experiencing
labour shortage after the warfare. These immigrants arrived in a country that had
been Racially Homogenous and was not very welcoming.
O These West Indians have been accompanied through greater over twenty years
and that they skilled exploitation with the aid of slum landlords, racial harassment
in public and their youngsters had been often bullied in faculty.
5. A fifth know-how of equality is associated with the lawyer and logician Ronald Dworkin
(1931-2013) - ANSWER-Luck Egalitarianism - argues that an identical society is
one wherein variations among humans are because of their alternatives and
attempt and not luck. This technique resembles Equality of Condition because it
will compensate humans who have the bad luck to be born with disadvantages
and additionally Equality of Outcome as it will be capable of help for people who
, are unfortunate to save you them dropping below a positive level of equality
important to participate in society.
6. A greater debatable utilitarian role is argued with the aid of Australian truth seeker peter
singer. In sensible ethic 1993, singer argues that we is probably justified in killing
disabled toddlers: - ANSWER-"When the death of a disabled little one will result in
the beginning of another toddler with better possibilities of a glad life, the entire
amount if happiness could be greater if the disabled toddler is killed"
Singer has an extended records of making controversial feedback about the
disabled, but his position shows a problem for utilitarianism, because if a few
human beings are much less succesful of getting glad satisfied lives due to
disabilities - and if being concerned for them brings frustration and
disappointment to their family and community - then their lives have much less
application than non-disabled person.
7. According to the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation -
ANSWER-(UPIAS), disability isn't inside the impairment someone reports but
inside the social exclusion they experience due to their impairment.
8. An instance of spiritual beliefs except human beings with disabilities ... -
ANSWER-would be the 'prayer camps' in Ghana. The African nation of Ghana is
said to be the most non secular society in the world, with 96% of the populace
figuring out with spiritual ideals and 71% with Christianity. Disabilities are
normally vied as as a result of evil spirits. People with intellectual disabilities are
despatched to prayer camps while they're regularly starved and chained up - this
institution has been condemned via the Human Rights Watch.
9. Another downside for Kantian Ethics is that it does now not help fine discrimination or
any political role more potent than Equality of Opportunity - ANSWER-- for instance,
quotas e.G, making sure proportions of human beings with disabilities in
parliament or in top companies or in the media are based totally on Equality of
condition but pass towards the specific vital, seeing that they contain treating
non-disabled people as 'subjective ends' and depriving them of jobs seeing that
they might deserve for the sake of disability equality.
10.Apartheid and segregation - ANSWER-o Even after the abolition of slavery, there
remains a sour legacy.
O In the Usa, the former 'slave states' added Jim Crow legal guidelines in 1877that
forced blacks and whites to guide segregated lives, living in separate regions,
attending separate colleges, the use of separate facilities.
O Laws prevented the races from intermarrying which was known as a crime
referred to as Miscegenation, consuming collectively or even shaking hands.
O Not simplest had been the races segregated but they had been additionally
handled unequally - centers for the black populace had been underfunded, the
police and courts discriminated towards them and the entire machine become
underpinned by means of the hazard of violence.
, O The northern states has lesser versions of Jim Crow legal guidelines too,
restricting blacks from balloting or attending school and designating some
commercial enterprise as 'white handiest'
o A similar system changed into installation in South Africa in 1948 with the aid of
the white ruling minority; this became termed Apartheid.
O From 1960-eighty three 3.Five million non-white south Africans have been
compelled out in their homes and despatched to 'townships' and 'tribal
homelands'
o Opponents of the Apartheid Regime were shipped, forty,000 whippings passed
off each year, or they have been hanged.
11.O Journalists and campaigners have been arrested without trial and tortured, like
the activist Steve Biko who died from police beatings in 1977.
12.Aristotle distinguishes between two sorts of equality: - ANSWER-Ancient writers
tended to discuss equality as a type of justice.
1. NUMERICAL EQUALITY = whilst every body gets the identical amount of
something; for instance, in a democracy each person would possibly get one vote,
irrespective of what process they do, how a whole lot they earn or their gender.
2. PROPORITIONAL EQUALITY = when anybody receives an amount of something
proportionate to their deserts; as an instance in a meritocracy everybody receives
paid a wage based on the difficulty and responsibility of their work.
These aren't trivial distinctions made with the aid of Aristotle; in his society,
slaves and ladies could not vote. In Britain up until 1948, university graduates and
assets owners acquired multiple vote so numerical equality was a long time
coming.
13.As a whole religious ideas of equality are tough to distinguish as a few religions do
promote equality but their scripture knocks this down. - ANSWER-Some troubles in
setting non secular ideas of equality into pratice can be seen in the comparison
between Dorothy Day's catholic worker movement and liberation theology.
Dorothy Day argued for a kind of 'Christian Anarchism' and refused to have
anything to do with the authorities consisting of turning into a tax exempt charity
or lay down guidelines for other catholic employee corporations . The catholic
Worker movement makes a massive differnece to the people who be part of it and
whom it allows, however it is not set up to alternate society.
Liberation theology facets with marxist political progressive grouops to overthrow
corrupt regimes in principal and south America. This makes it more effectice at
changing society but on the cost of different christian teachings approximately
non violence and forgiveness.
The catholic church is considering making Dorothy Day a saint, but previous
Popes have criticised Liberation Theology.
, Pople John Paul made this clean in a sermon in mexico in 1990: "Be cautious,
then, no longer to just accept nor allow a imaginative and prescient of human
existence as conflict nor ideologuies which proposes elegance hatred and
violence to be instilled in you"
Marxism is a 'imaginative and prescient of human existence as conflict' and as an
ideology that proposes 'class hatred and violence' so that is genuinely an attack
on Liberation Theology, telling catholics to paintings in the direction of equality in
more traditional, less modern approaches.
14.Attitudes to girls clergymen - ANSWER-The United Reformed Church and the
Salvation Army have constantly had girls ministers.
The Baptist church has had girls ministers since the Nineteen Twenties.
The ordination of the first female Church of England Vicars in 1994 triggered
sizeable division and some male leaders, in addition to other ladies and men, left
the church in protest.
The Roman Catholic and Orthodox church buildings do now not permit ladies
clergymen. This is because Jesus chose men to be his apostle and the muse of
the Church, not girls
Jesus's authority has additionally been handed on via men. When celebrating the
Eucharist's, the priest represents Christ, who turned into a person - Women
consequently can't play this function.
15.Because of the McPherson Report's damning conclusions 1993 is frequently taken as
the start line for assessment of the way much progress has been made in Racial
Equality in Britain: - ANSWER-o There are 4 instances as many BAME MP's in
parliament as there have been in 1993
o According to a 2017 ballot , a high percentage of people sense they "belong to
Britian" (white 85%, Asian eighty four% and black 81%)
o However, less than half forty three% of BAME respondents assume development
has been made on racial equality due to the fact that 1993 and sixteen% consider
Britain is greater unequal.
O Black guys are eight times more likely to be stopped and searched through the
police than white men in 2017 (four.Four times in 2015)
o London's Metropolitan Police has the hugest percentage of BAME officers inside
the UK - but they make up handiest 13% of the force, compared to forty% of
London's population.
O The unemployment charge for BAME humans (8%) is almost double that of
white human beings (4.6%)
^^ so there has been a few development, but there nevertheless is greater to do to
bring about a racially identical society.
16.Because utilitarianism attracts its concept of 'everyday' from the enjoy of the majority it
helps what Leslie Fieldler calls "the tyranny of the everyday: - ANSWER-"Creating in
