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Population - CORRECT ANSWER-A group of individuals of the same species living in
the same region or habitat.
Species - CORRECT ANSWER-A group of organisms capable of interbreeding and
producing viable offspring.
Population Structure - CORRECT ANSWER-Determined by sex, age, and size;
influences birth, death, and movement rates.
Cohort - CORRECT ANSWER-A group of individuals born around the same time,
tracked for population studies.
Biotic Potential (r) - CORRECT ANSWER-The maximum reproductive capacity of a
population under ideal conditions.
Exponential Growth - CORRECT ANSWER-Population increase without environmental
resistance, forming a J-shaped curve.
, Environmental Resistance - CORRECT ANSWER-All factors that limit population
growth, such as limited resources or disease.
Logistic Growth - CORRECT ANSWER-Population growth that slows as it nears
carrying capacity, forming an S-shaped curve.
Carrying Capacity (K) - CORRECT ANSWER-The maximum population size that can be
sustained indefinitely by the environment.
Density-Dependent Factors - CORRECT ANSWER-Factors that increase in effect as
population density increases (e.g., disease, competition, predation).
Density-Independent Factors - CORRECT ANSWER-Environmental factors that affect
population size regardless of density (e.g., storms, fires, human actions).
Allee Effect - CORRECT ANSWER-A phenomenon in which population growth rates
increase with population density.
r-Selected Species - CORRECT ANSWER-Species with high reproductive rates, rapid
growth, and typically short lifespans (e.g., insects, weeds).
K-Selected Species - CORRECT ANSWER-Species with low reproductive rates, stable
populations, and longer lifespans (e.g., elephants, humans).
Overshoot - CORRECT ANSWER-When a population exceeds its carrying capacity.
Population Crash - CORRECT ANSWER-A sudden, sharp decline in population size
after overshoot.
Survivorship Curves - CORRECT ANSWER-
Type I - CORRECT ANSWER-Low mortality until old age (e.g., humans).
Type II - CORRECT ANSWER-Constant mortality rate across all ages (e.g., birds).
Type III - CORRECT ANSWER-High early mortality, few survive to adulthood (e.g., fish,
insects).
Population Density - CORRECT ANSWER-Number of individuals per unit area or
volume at a given time.
Age Structure - CORRECT ANSWER-Distribution of individuals among different ages in
a population.
Neolithic Revolution - CORRECT ANSWER-A shift to agriculture ~11,000 years ago,
which increased food supply and population.