MHA 707 Exam D – Questions & Correct
Answers 2025 Graded A+
What changes in HC during 19th century lead to Modern HC system?
•Began to professionalize health care workforce working in specialized institutions to deliver
health care services
•Health care research sector that advances diagnosis and treatment
•Industry that provides health care supplies and therapeutics
•Began a classification and data-collection system to evaluate health care performance
HC in America at turn of 20th century.
Doctors were mostly solo practitioners
Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit•Long-term care for the elderly was
largely home-based•Pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was small
business.Health care was a minor part of the economy
What is the AMA?
American Medical Association founded in 1847.
What did the AMA accomplish?
Established standards for preliminary medical education for the degree of MD, code of medical
ethics, recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery/obstetrics, noted the dangers of secret
remedies, and recommended the state govs register births, marriages, and deaths.
Experience rating
Rating system that bases insurance rates on claims history
tailors policies and premiums to a particular group or individual
Blue Cross plans were established?
to provide "prepaid" hospital care to workers in the Dallas public school system
Community Rating
refers to insurance pricing whereby everyone in same geographic area pays the same premium.
What is HIPAA?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
How does HIPAA affect HC?
,Brought about a number of significant improvements in access to health coverage by mandating:
portability of coverage, insurance coverage for at least a 2-day hospital stay for women who give
birth (4 for c-section), and mental health.
a cottage industry
Engaged in by physicians and their assistants, largely students (apprentices)
At the beginning of the 20th century, health care in the United States was predominantly:
When the 20th century opened:
-Doctors were mostly solo practitioners
-Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit
History of Incremental Change: 1900-2010
Long-term care for the elderly was largely home-based
Pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was small business
Health care was a minor part of the economy
1847- 19th century
Founding of the American Medical Association (AMA)
Founding of the American Medical Association (AMA)
Established standards for preliminary medical education for the degree of MD
Code of medical ethics
Recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery and obstetrics
Noted the dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) and patent medicines
Recommended that state governments register births, marriages, and deaths
(snake oil)
oted the dangers of secret remedies (_____) and patent medicines
-Improvements in surgery made during the Civil War (first conflict in which the Army dug
toilets downstream from army's campsite)
-Application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as Louis Pasteur
Affected the physician's ability to control infectious diseases - the leading causes of death at
that time
Advances that made practice of medicine more successful in treating health problems
Improvements in surgery made during the Civil War
first conflict in which the Army dug toilets downstream from army's campsite)
Application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as Louis Pasteur
,Affected the physician's ability to control infectious diseases - the leading causes of death at that
time
Demand for therapeutics fueled by the Civil War
Provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry: Wyeth,
Pfizer, and Squibb
Wyeth, Pfizer, and Squibb
Provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry:
Founding of the U.S. Nursing Corps
________in 1861 and the idea of professional nursing and its importance to medical care
Development of the Ambulance Corps during the Civil War
Created ambulance-to-emergency room system we know today
Established hierarchy of treatment stations to types of hospital facilities
1899
Founding of Association of Hospital Superintendents in_____
Became the American Hospital Association (AHA)
Adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death in 1900
Predecessor of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
Brought some standards and criteria in the study of diseases
19th Century developments
-Began to professionalize health care workforce working in specialized institutions to deliver
health care services
-Health care research sector that advances diagnosis and treatment
-Industry that provides health care supplies and therapeutics
-Began a classification and data-collection system to evaluate health care performance
Medical "tool box"
-Vaccines and antitoxins, which prevented childhood illnesses
-Medicines, such as insulin, which saved and extended life
-Surgery, which could cure dozens of conditions, aided by effective anesthesia and the protection
of aseptic techniques
-Increased
-access
With medicine's improved ability to cure disease and treat chronic conditions, the demand for
care _________, as did its cost
, In response, a major focus of health policy since the early 20th century has been assuring
_______to health care
Providing health care coverage
Building the American health care infrastructure
Both public and private sectors were involved in:
1)____
2)____
insufficient to luxurious
As a result, health care access varied for people in different groups
Ranging from ____ to ____
EMTALA is designed to?
Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act- 1986. Fillings gaps in healthcare coverage.
dumping
refers to situations when hospitals deny emergency medical screening and stabilization services.
It also refers to instances when a hospital transfers an individual to another hospital after
discovering that the individual does not have insurance or a means to pay for treatment.
What is the Hill-Burton Act?
Community hospitals built with federal funds
What were some of the major pressures on HC in last half of the 20th century?
•access to health care•Provide health insurance in order that patients can afford care, and
providers are compensated for their services•Build facilities, particularly hospitals, needed to
provide health care
Blue Cross/Blue Sheild
leading employer-based health insurance plans. Unified in 1940s. Served 24m members together
and included 81 hospital and 44 medical plans. Voluntary, nonprofit companies. Used
community rating and not experience rating to set prices for their products.
Capitation
System of payment used by managed care plans in which physicians and hospitals are paid a
fixed, per capita amount for each patient enrolled over a stated period regardless of the type and
number of services provided; reimbursement to the hospital on a per-member/per-month basis to
cover costs for the members of the plan.
fee-for-service
a system under which doctors and hospitals receive a payment for each service they provide
Answers 2025 Graded A+
What changes in HC during 19th century lead to Modern HC system?
•Began to professionalize health care workforce working in specialized institutions to deliver
health care services
•Health care research sector that advances diagnosis and treatment
•Industry that provides health care supplies and therapeutics
•Began a classification and data-collection system to evaluate health care performance
HC in America at turn of 20th century.
Doctors were mostly solo practitioners
Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit•Long-term care for the elderly was
largely home-based•Pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was small
business.Health care was a minor part of the economy
What is the AMA?
American Medical Association founded in 1847.
What did the AMA accomplish?
Established standards for preliminary medical education for the degree of MD, code of medical
ethics, recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery/obstetrics, noted the dangers of secret
remedies, and recommended the state govs register births, marriages, and deaths.
Experience rating
Rating system that bases insurance rates on claims history
tailors policies and premiums to a particular group or individual
Blue Cross plans were established?
to provide "prepaid" hospital care to workers in the Dallas public school system
Community Rating
refers to insurance pricing whereby everyone in same geographic area pays the same premium.
What is HIPAA?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
How does HIPAA affect HC?
,Brought about a number of significant improvements in access to health coverage by mandating:
portability of coverage, insurance coverage for at least a 2-day hospital stay for women who give
birth (4 for c-section), and mental health.
a cottage industry
Engaged in by physicians and their assistants, largely students (apprentices)
At the beginning of the 20th century, health care in the United States was predominantly:
When the 20th century opened:
-Doctors were mostly solo practitioners
-Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit
History of Incremental Change: 1900-2010
Long-term care for the elderly was largely home-based
Pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing was small business
Health care was a minor part of the economy
1847- 19th century
Founding of the American Medical Association (AMA)
Founding of the American Medical Association (AMA)
Established standards for preliminary medical education for the degree of MD
Code of medical ethics
Recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery and obstetrics
Noted the dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) and patent medicines
Recommended that state governments register births, marriages, and deaths
(snake oil)
oted the dangers of secret remedies (_____) and patent medicines
-Improvements in surgery made during the Civil War (first conflict in which the Army dug
toilets downstream from army's campsite)
-Application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as Louis Pasteur
Affected the physician's ability to control infectious diseases - the leading causes of death at
that time
Advances that made practice of medicine more successful in treating health problems
Improvements in surgery made during the Civil War
first conflict in which the Army dug toilets downstream from army's campsite)
Application to medicine of advances in bacteriology by scientists such as Louis Pasteur
,Affected the physician's ability to control infectious diseases - the leading causes of death at that
time
Demand for therapeutics fueled by the Civil War
Provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry: Wyeth,
Pfizer, and Squibb
Wyeth, Pfizer, and Squibb
Provided the start for some of the largest names in the modern pharmaceutical industry:
Founding of the U.S. Nursing Corps
________in 1861 and the idea of professional nursing and its importance to medical care
Development of the Ambulance Corps during the Civil War
Created ambulance-to-emergency room system we know today
Established hierarchy of treatment stations to types of hospital facilities
1899
Founding of Association of Hospital Superintendents in_____
Became the American Hospital Association (AHA)
Adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death in 1900
Predecessor of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
Brought some standards and criteria in the study of diseases
19th Century developments
-Began to professionalize health care workforce working in specialized institutions to deliver
health care services
-Health care research sector that advances diagnosis and treatment
-Industry that provides health care supplies and therapeutics
-Began a classification and data-collection system to evaluate health care performance
Medical "tool box"
-Vaccines and antitoxins, which prevented childhood illnesses
-Medicines, such as insulin, which saved and extended life
-Surgery, which could cure dozens of conditions, aided by effective anesthesia and the protection
of aseptic techniques
-Increased
-access
With medicine's improved ability to cure disease and treat chronic conditions, the demand for
care _________, as did its cost
, In response, a major focus of health policy since the early 20th century has been assuring
_______to health care
Providing health care coverage
Building the American health care infrastructure
Both public and private sectors were involved in:
1)____
2)____
insufficient to luxurious
As a result, health care access varied for people in different groups
Ranging from ____ to ____
EMTALA is designed to?
Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act- 1986. Fillings gaps in healthcare coverage.
dumping
refers to situations when hospitals deny emergency medical screening and stabilization services.
It also refers to instances when a hospital transfers an individual to another hospital after
discovering that the individual does not have insurance or a means to pay for treatment.
What is the Hill-Burton Act?
Community hospitals built with federal funds
What were some of the major pressures on HC in last half of the 20th century?
•access to health care•Provide health insurance in order that patients can afford care, and
providers are compensated for their services•Build facilities, particularly hospitals, needed to
provide health care
Blue Cross/Blue Sheild
leading employer-based health insurance plans. Unified in 1940s. Served 24m members together
and included 81 hospital and 44 medical plans. Voluntary, nonprofit companies. Used
community rating and not experience rating to set prices for their products.
Capitation
System of payment used by managed care plans in which physicians and hospitals are paid a
fixed, per capita amount for each patient enrolled over a stated period regardless of the type and
number of services provided; reimbursement to the hospital on a per-member/per-month basis to
cover costs for the members of the plan.
fee-for-service
a system under which doctors and hospitals receive a payment for each service they provide
