Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte,
Lymphoid Function ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Leukocyte function - CORRECT ANSWER - Function is affected if there are too many or
too few white cells in the blood or if cells are structurally defective. Leukocytosis occurs as
protective response to stressors such as infection or strenuous exercise
infectious mononucleosis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Benign, acute self-limiting
lymphoproliferative clinical syndrome characterized by acute viral infection of B lymphocytes.
Associated with tumors, lymphomas & carcinoma. Common etologic agent is EBV, Epstein
Barr. Transmission of EBV is through saliva or personal contact. IM incubation is 30-50 days.
Symptoms include fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy. Medical intervention is rarely required.
Bed rest recommended.
Leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER - · Are malignant disorders of the blood and blood-
forming organs.
· Exhibit uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes. Overcrowding of bone marrow.
Decreased production and function of normal hematopoietic cells
A SINGLE PROGENITOR CELL UNDERGOES A MALIGNANT CHANGE. LEUKEMIA IS
A RESULT OF UNCONTROLLED CELLULAR PROLIFERATION. BONE MARROW
BECOMES OVERCROWDED. HEMATOPOIETIC IS DECREASED.
Acute Leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER - · Presence of undifferentiated or immature
cells, usually blast cells
· Rapid onset with short survival
· EARLY SIGNS-ANOREXIA, BRUISING, BONE PAIN
Chronic Leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER - · Predominant cell is mature but does not
function normally
· Slow progression
, Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)- - CORRECT ANSWER - · Most common childhood
leukemia. Philadelphia chromosome. Occurs between chromosomes 9 and 22. Risk factors for
children are prenatal x-ray exposure & postnatal exposure to high-dose radiation, viral infections
with HTLV-1: Can cause a rare form of ALL and EBV, Down syndrome
PROGRESSIVE NEOPLASM DEFINED BY THE PRESENCE OF GREATER THAN 30%
LYPHOBLASTS IN THE BONE MARROW OR BLOOD.
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)- - CORRECT ANSWER - · Most common adult
leukemia. Risk factors are down syndrome, Exposure to radiation, benzene, chemotherapy,
Hereditary conditions
· Clinical manifestations
o Fatigue caused by anemia
o Bleeding resulting from thrombocytopenia
o Fever caused by infection
Anorexia, weight loss, diminished sensitivity to sour and o sweet tastes, wasting
o away of muscle, and difficulty swallowing
o Central nervous system (CNS) involvement
· Tests
o Peripheral blood smear; bone marrow tests
· Treatment
o Chemotherapy
o Supportive measures
§ Blood transfusions, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals
o Allopurinol: Prevents the production of uric acid
o Stem cell transplantation
o Bone marrow transplant
· Complications
o Anemia
§ Treatment: Blood products
o Neutropenia
Lymphoid Function ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Leukocyte function - CORRECT ANSWER - Function is affected if there are too many or
too few white cells in the blood or if cells are structurally defective. Leukocytosis occurs as
protective response to stressors such as infection or strenuous exercise
infectious mononucleosis. - CORRECT ANSWER - Benign, acute self-limiting
lymphoproliferative clinical syndrome characterized by acute viral infection of B lymphocytes.
Associated with tumors, lymphomas & carcinoma. Common etologic agent is EBV, Epstein
Barr. Transmission of EBV is through saliva or personal contact. IM incubation is 30-50 days.
Symptoms include fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy. Medical intervention is rarely required.
Bed rest recommended.
Leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER - · Are malignant disorders of the blood and blood-
forming organs.
· Exhibit uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes. Overcrowding of bone marrow.
Decreased production and function of normal hematopoietic cells
A SINGLE PROGENITOR CELL UNDERGOES A MALIGNANT CHANGE. LEUKEMIA IS
A RESULT OF UNCONTROLLED CELLULAR PROLIFERATION. BONE MARROW
BECOMES OVERCROWDED. HEMATOPOIETIC IS DECREASED.
Acute Leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER - · Presence of undifferentiated or immature
cells, usually blast cells
· Rapid onset with short survival
· EARLY SIGNS-ANOREXIA, BRUISING, BONE PAIN
Chronic Leukemia - CORRECT ANSWER - · Predominant cell is mature but does not
function normally
· Slow progression
, Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)- - CORRECT ANSWER - · Most common childhood
leukemia. Philadelphia chromosome. Occurs between chromosomes 9 and 22. Risk factors for
children are prenatal x-ray exposure & postnatal exposure to high-dose radiation, viral infections
with HTLV-1: Can cause a rare form of ALL and EBV, Down syndrome
PROGRESSIVE NEOPLASM DEFINED BY THE PRESENCE OF GREATER THAN 30%
LYPHOBLASTS IN THE BONE MARROW OR BLOOD.
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)- - CORRECT ANSWER - · Most common adult
leukemia. Risk factors are down syndrome, Exposure to radiation, benzene, chemotherapy,
Hereditary conditions
· Clinical manifestations
o Fatigue caused by anemia
o Bleeding resulting from thrombocytopenia
o Fever caused by infection
Anorexia, weight loss, diminished sensitivity to sour and o sweet tastes, wasting
o away of muscle, and difficulty swallowing
o Central nervous system (CNS) involvement
· Tests
o Peripheral blood smear; bone marrow tests
· Treatment
o Chemotherapy
o Supportive measures
§ Blood transfusions, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals
o Allopurinol: Prevents the production of uric acid
o Stem cell transplantation
o Bone marrow transplant
· Complications
o Anemia
§ Treatment: Blood products
o Neutropenia
