Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine Testba
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nk/Studyguide
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
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Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result o
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1. f:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
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B) improved intracellular volume regulation. #t #t #t
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. #t #t #t #t #t
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. #t #t #t #t #t
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. Ada
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2. ptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
#t #t #t of the remaining liver cells. #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy #t
C) compensatory hyperplasia #t
D) physiologic hypertrophy #t
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
#t #t in the brain. #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) caspase activation #t
B) coagulation necrosis #t
C) rapid phagocytosis #t
D) protein p53 deficiency #t #t
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
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4. , which is unique from the intracellular
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damage caused by other injurious agents.
#t #t #t #t #t
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump #t #t #t #t
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes #t #t #t
C) replicating and producing continued injury #t #t #t #t
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function #t #t #t #t
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypox
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
5. ic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. #t #t #t #t #t
B) altering the immune response of the cell. #t #t #t #t #t #t
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. #t #t #t #t #t
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. #t #t #t #t
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) increased fat load. #t #t
,B) altered permeability. #t
C) altered glucose utilization. #t #t
D) increased surface receptors. #t #t
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
#t #t #t #t #t #t
A) stimulus overload. #t
B) genetic mutations. #t
C) chemical messengers. #t
D) mitochondrial DNA. #t
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) increased cell protein synthesis. #t #t #t
B) altered cell volume regulation. #t #t #t
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
#t #t #t #t #t #t
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
#t #t #t #t #t
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic c
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
9. ell death is characterized by:
#t #t #t #t
A) rapid apoptosis. #t
B) cellular rupture. #t
C) shrinkage and collapse. #t #t
D) chronic inflammation. #t
A 99-year-#t
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of theori
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
es of cellular aging focus on programmed:
#t #t #t #t #t #t
A) changes with genetic influences. #t #t #t
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. #t #t #t #t
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. #t #t
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
#t #t #t #t
An 89-year- #t
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during a
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
3-
t
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following pheno
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
mena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
that underlies her reduced mobility?
#t #t #t #t
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
#t #t #t #t #t #t
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
, D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A 20-year-
#t
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou (
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
12. Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
of:
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A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. #t #t #t #t #t #t
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
#t #t #t #t #t
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. #t #t #t #t
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcific
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
13. on?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia #t #t
B) Liver cirrhosis #t
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism #t #t
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology techn
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
ian is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rati
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
14. nale for the technicians precautions?
#t #t #t #t
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
#t #t #t #t #t #t
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. #t #t #t #t #t #t
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
The parents of a 4-year-
#t #t #t #t
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imp
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
15. orted toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following bloo
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
d tests should the care team prioritize?
#t #t #t #t #t #t
A) White blood cell levels with differential #t #t #t #t #t
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
#t #t #t #t #t
C) Urea and creatinine levels #t #t #t
D) Liver function panel #t #t
A 70-year-
#t
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic strok
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
16. hat has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) Free radical injury #t #t
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion #t #t #t
#t #t #t #t #t #t
nk/Studyguide
,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
#t #t #t #t #t #t
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result o
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
1. f:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
#t #t #t #t #t #t
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. #t #t #t
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. #t #t #t #t #t
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. #t #t #t #t #t
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. Ada
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
2. ptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
#t #t #t of the remaining liver cells. #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy #t
C) compensatory hyperplasia #t
D) physiologic hypertrophy #t
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
3. caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
#t #t in the brain. #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) caspase activation #t
B) coagulation necrosis #t
C) rapid phagocytosis #t
D) protein p53 deficiency #t #t
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t
4. , which is unique from the intracellular
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t
damage caused by other injurious agents.
#t #t #t #t #t
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump #t #t #t #t
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes #t #t #t
C) replicating and producing continued injury #t #t #t #t
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function #t #t #t #t
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypox
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
5. ic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. #t #t #t #t #t
B) altering the immune response of the cell. #t #t #t #t #t #t
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. #t #t #t #t #t
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. #t #t #t #t
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) increased fat load. #t #t
,B) altered permeability. #t
C) altered glucose utilization. #t #t
D) increased surface receptors. #t #t
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
#t #t #t #t #t #t
A) stimulus overload. #t
B) genetic mutations. #t
C) chemical messengers. #t
D) mitochondrial DNA. #t
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) increased cell protein synthesis. #t #t #t
B) altered cell volume regulation. #t #t #t
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
#t #t #t #t #t #t
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
#t #t #t #t #t
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic c
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
9. ell death is characterized by:
#t #t #t #t
A) rapid apoptosis. #t
B) cellular rupture. #t
C) shrinkage and collapse. #t #t
D) chronic inflammation. #t
A 99-year-#t
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of theori
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
es of cellular aging focus on programmed:
#t #t #t #t #t #t
A) changes with genetic influences. #t #t #t
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. #t #t #t #t
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. #t #t
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
#t #t #t #t
An 89-year- #t
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during a
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #
3-
t
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following pheno
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
mena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
that underlies her reduced mobility?
#t #t #t #t
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
#t #t #t #t #t #t
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
, D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A 20-year-
#t
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou (
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
12. Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
of:
#t
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. #t #t #t #t #t #t
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
#t #t #t #t #t
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. #t #t #t #t
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcific
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
13. on?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia #t #t
B) Liver cirrhosis #t
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism #t #t
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology techn
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
ian is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rati
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
14. nale for the technicians precautions?
#t #t #t #t
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
#t #t #t #t #t #t
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. #t #t #t #t #t #t
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
The parents of a 4-year-
#t #t #t #t
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imp
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
15. orted toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following bloo
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
d tests should the care team prioritize?
#t #t #t #t #t #t
A) White blood cell levels with differential #t #t #t #t #t
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
#t #t #t #t #t
C) Urea and creatinine levels #t #t #t
D) Liver function panel #t #t
A 70-year-
#t
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic strok
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
16. hat has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
#t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t #t
A) Free radical injury #t #t
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion #t #t #t
