U.S. HISTORY HIGH SCHOOL EOC
EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Bessemer Process - ANSWER-A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by
blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.
robber baron - ANSWER-Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who
gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also
drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost
to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above
original price.
Thomas Edison - ANSWER-American inventor who developed many devices such
as the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric
light bulb
John D. Rockefeller - ANSWER-Established the Standard Oil Company, the
greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
Andrew Carnegie - ANSWER-A Scottish-born American industrialist and
philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his
company dominated the American steel industry
Transcontinental Railroad - ANSWER-Railroad connecting the west and east coasts
of the continental US
Henry Ford - ANSWER-1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor
Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.
Upton Sinclair - ANSWER-muckraker who shocked the nation when he published
The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry
in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
muckraker - ANSWER-Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big
business
Homestead Act - ANSWER-Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any
settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a
registration fee of $25.
Spanish American War - ANSWER-In 1898, a conflict between the United States
and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
U.S.S. Maine - ANSWER-Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor
and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War
, Rough Riders - ANSWER-The First United States Volunteer Calvary, a mixture of Ivy
League athletes and western frontiersmen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-
American War. Enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt, they won many battles in Florida
and enlisted in the invasion army of Cuba.
Big Stick Diplomacy - ANSWER-The policy held by Teddy Roosevelt in foreign
affairs. The "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if
necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them.
Dollar Diplomacy - ANSWER-Foreign Policy idea by Taft to make countries
dependent on the U.S. by heavily investing in their economies
Monroe Doctrine - ANSWER-(1823) A political policy of the United States by
President James Monroe that states the Western Hemisphere is closed to European
interference.
Effects of Reconstruction on Native Americans - ANSWER-• Westward expansion
• Reservation system
• The Dawes Act
• Indian Schools
• Government involvement in the killing of the buffalo
• Wounded Knee Massacre
• Sand Creek Massacre
• Battle of Little Big Horn
Westward expansion - ANSWER-territorial acquisitions as settlers began moving
westward beyond the Appalachian Mountains
Reservation system - ANSWER-introduced in 1870, forced nations to live on barren
land, it confined people so they could not support themselves in their accustomed
way. It has left to the institutional of this enforced segregation.
Indian Schools - ANSWER-These places were created in order to forcibly assimilate
Indian children to white culture. They cut their hair, converted them to Christianity,
forced them to change their language and used various other ways to make Indian
children act like white Americans.
The Dawes Act - ANSWER-Passed by Congress in 1887. Its purpose was to
Americanize the Native Americans. The act broke up the reservations, gave some of
the land to Native Americans.
Wounded Knee Massacre - ANSWER-In December 1890, Army troops captured
some of Sitting Bull's followers and took them to a camp. 300 Sioux men, women,
and children were killed
Sand Creek Massacre - ANSWER-an attack on a village of sleeping Cheyenne
Indians by a regiment of Colorado militiamen on 29 November 1864 that resulted in
the death of more than 200 tribal members
EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Bessemer Process - ANSWER-A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by
blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.
robber baron - ANSWER-Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who
gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also
drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost
to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above
original price.
Thomas Edison - ANSWER-American inventor who developed many devices such
as the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric
light bulb
John D. Rockefeller - ANSWER-Established the Standard Oil Company, the
greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
Andrew Carnegie - ANSWER-A Scottish-born American industrialist and
philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his
company dominated the American steel industry
Transcontinental Railroad - ANSWER-Railroad connecting the west and east coasts
of the continental US
Henry Ford - ANSWER-1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor
Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.
Upton Sinclair - ANSWER-muckraker who shocked the nation when he published
The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry
in Chicago. The book was fiction but based on the things Sinclair had seen.
muckraker - ANSWER-Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big
business
Homestead Act - ANSWER-Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any
settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a
registration fee of $25.
Spanish American War - ANSWER-In 1898, a conflict between the United States
and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence
U.S.S. Maine - ANSWER-Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor
and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War
, Rough Riders - ANSWER-The First United States Volunteer Calvary, a mixture of Ivy
League athletes and western frontiersmen, volunteered to fight in the Spanish-
American War. Enlisted by Theodore Roosevelt, they won many battles in Florida
and enlisted in the invasion army of Cuba.
Big Stick Diplomacy - ANSWER-The policy held by Teddy Roosevelt in foreign
affairs. The "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if
necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them.
Dollar Diplomacy - ANSWER-Foreign Policy idea by Taft to make countries
dependent on the U.S. by heavily investing in their economies
Monroe Doctrine - ANSWER-(1823) A political policy of the United States by
President James Monroe that states the Western Hemisphere is closed to European
interference.
Effects of Reconstruction on Native Americans - ANSWER-• Westward expansion
• Reservation system
• The Dawes Act
• Indian Schools
• Government involvement in the killing of the buffalo
• Wounded Knee Massacre
• Sand Creek Massacre
• Battle of Little Big Horn
Westward expansion - ANSWER-territorial acquisitions as settlers began moving
westward beyond the Appalachian Mountains
Reservation system - ANSWER-introduced in 1870, forced nations to live on barren
land, it confined people so they could not support themselves in their accustomed
way. It has left to the institutional of this enforced segregation.
Indian Schools - ANSWER-These places were created in order to forcibly assimilate
Indian children to white culture. They cut their hair, converted them to Christianity,
forced them to change their language and used various other ways to make Indian
children act like white Americans.
The Dawes Act - ANSWER-Passed by Congress in 1887. Its purpose was to
Americanize the Native Americans. The act broke up the reservations, gave some of
the land to Native Americans.
Wounded Knee Massacre - ANSWER-In December 1890, Army troops captured
some of Sitting Bull's followers and took them to a camp. 300 Sioux men, women,
and children were killed
Sand Creek Massacre - ANSWER-an attack on a village of sleeping Cheyenne
Indians by a regiment of Colorado militiamen on 29 November 1864 that resulted in
the death of more than 200 tribal members
