THE MAKING OF A SUPERPOWER,
USA, 1865 – 1920 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Ku Klux Klan - ANSWER-A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that
used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.
14th Amendment 1866 r 1868 - ANSWER-1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2)
Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding
national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts
Andrew Johnson Impeachment - ANSWER-1967 republican angry they passed laws
- Pres Prohibited from issuing direct military orders Attempted against President in
1868; power struggle b/t him and Congress; President removed sec of war - Edwin
Stanton w/o Senate approval breaching the Tenure of Office Act. Acquitted by one
vote.
Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877) - ANSWER-an American general and the eighteenth
President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the
leading Union general in the American Civil War. Election depended on 700,000 AA
votes. Damaged by 1973 stock market crash.
Radical Reconstruction - ANSWER-Reconstruction strategy that was based on
severely punishing South for causing war
15th Amendment 1869 r 1870 - ANSWER-Prohibited voting restrictions based on
race, color, or previous condition of servitude (slavery)
Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 - ANSWER-Also known as the KKK Laws,
Congress made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote.
Congress heard from many African Americans who had been abused by the KKK in
the early 1870's. Strengthen 14 + 15th A's. Banning intimidation and bribery.
The Civil Rights act 1875. - ANSWER-A law that required "full and equal" access to
jury service and to transportation and public accommodations, irrespective of race.
Redeemers - ANSWER-Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest
opponents of the Republican program in the South. Staged a major
counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments.
Their foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy. Redeemer
governments waged and agressive assault on African Americans. Election fraud.
Violence. literacy and vagrancy tests. Solid south formed by 1876. Only louisianna,
Florida and Soth Carolina were unredeemed.
Amnesty Act of 1872 - ANSWER-gave forgiveness to former Confederates and
Whites in the South and allowed them to vote again. Returned to politics.
, Panic of 1873 - ANSWER-Four year economic depression caused by
overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal
response (refusing to coin silver
Tweed Ring - ANSWER-A symbol of Gilded Age corruption, "Boss" Tweed and his
deputies ran the New York City Democratic party in the 1860s and swindled at least
$45 million from the city through bribery, graft, and vote-buying. Boss Tweed was
eventually jailed for his crimes and died behind bars.
Black Friday Scandal - ANSWER-A scheme by two unscrupulous businessmen, Jim
Fiske and Jay Gould, to corner the gold market; they persuaded President Grant's
brother-in-law to convince the president that stopping government gold sales would
be good for farmers; Grant naively complied, and many businessmen were ruined as
the price of gold was bid up furiously on "Black Friday".
Grant Scandals and political corruption - ANSWER-Grants secretary was caught
taking bribes from the Whiskey Ring and sec of war took bribes to sell Indian trading
posts.
Gilded Age - ANSWER-1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside,
despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor
Presidential Reconstruction 2 - ANSWER-Johnson believed Southern states should
decide the course that was best for them. He felt that African-Americans were unable
to manage their own lives. He certainly did not think that African-Americans
deserved to vote. He also gave amnesty and pardon. He returned all property,
except, of course, their slaves, to former Confederates who pledged loyalty to the
Union and agreed to support the 13th Amendment. Confederate officials and owners
of large taxable estates were required to apply individually for a Presidential pardon.
Many former Confederate leaders were soon returned to power. And some were
even to regain their Congressional places. proved remarkably lenient. Very few
Confederate leaders were prosecuted as planned.
The Black Codes - ANSWER-Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the
newly freed black slaves. Gave basic rights such as to marry and own property but
allowed segregation, no interracial marriage n court. Made it harder to get economic
freedom from plantation work.
Congressional Reconstruction - ANSWER-1866 Johnson vetoes renewal of
Freedmen's Bureau charter. Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1866 over
Johnson's veto through Radical and moderate rep alliance.
What happened in the 1866 mid term elections? - ANSWER-Republicans won a 2/3
majority and got a tighter hold on the Senate.
Reconstruction Act of 1867 - ANSWER-This Act was passed by Congress which was
vetoed by President Johnson. This Act invalidated the state govn'ts formed under the
Lincoln & Johnson plans and all the legal decisions made by those govn'ts. Placed
10 states under military occupation. After elected delegates newconstitution ensuring
USA, 1865 – 1920 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Ku Klux Klan - ANSWER-A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that
used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.
14th Amendment 1866 r 1868 - ANSWER-1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2)
Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding
national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts
Andrew Johnson Impeachment - ANSWER-1967 republican angry they passed laws
- Pres Prohibited from issuing direct military orders Attempted against President in
1868; power struggle b/t him and Congress; President removed sec of war - Edwin
Stanton w/o Senate approval breaching the Tenure of Office Act. Acquitted by one
vote.
Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877) - ANSWER-an American general and the eighteenth
President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the
leading Union general in the American Civil War. Election depended on 700,000 AA
votes. Damaged by 1973 stock market crash.
Radical Reconstruction - ANSWER-Reconstruction strategy that was based on
severely punishing South for causing war
15th Amendment 1869 r 1870 - ANSWER-Prohibited voting restrictions based on
race, color, or previous condition of servitude (slavery)
Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 - ANSWER-Also known as the KKK Laws,
Congress made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote.
Congress heard from many African Americans who had been abused by the KKK in
the early 1870's. Strengthen 14 + 15th A's. Banning intimidation and bribery.
The Civil Rights act 1875. - ANSWER-A law that required "full and equal" access to
jury service and to transportation and public accommodations, irrespective of race.
Redeemers - ANSWER-Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest
opponents of the Republican program in the South. Staged a major
counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments.
Their foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy. Redeemer
governments waged and agressive assault on African Americans. Election fraud.
Violence. literacy and vagrancy tests. Solid south formed by 1876. Only louisianna,
Florida and Soth Carolina were unredeemed.
Amnesty Act of 1872 - ANSWER-gave forgiveness to former Confederates and
Whites in the South and allowed them to vote again. Returned to politics.
, Panic of 1873 - ANSWER-Four year economic depression caused by
overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal
response (refusing to coin silver
Tweed Ring - ANSWER-A symbol of Gilded Age corruption, "Boss" Tweed and his
deputies ran the New York City Democratic party in the 1860s and swindled at least
$45 million from the city through bribery, graft, and vote-buying. Boss Tweed was
eventually jailed for his crimes and died behind bars.
Black Friday Scandal - ANSWER-A scheme by two unscrupulous businessmen, Jim
Fiske and Jay Gould, to corner the gold market; they persuaded President Grant's
brother-in-law to convince the president that stopping government gold sales would
be good for farmers; Grant naively complied, and many businessmen were ruined as
the price of gold was bid up furiously on "Black Friday".
Grant Scandals and political corruption - ANSWER-Grants secretary was caught
taking bribes from the Whiskey Ring and sec of war took bribes to sell Indian trading
posts.
Gilded Age - ANSWER-1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside,
despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor
Presidential Reconstruction 2 - ANSWER-Johnson believed Southern states should
decide the course that was best for them. He felt that African-Americans were unable
to manage their own lives. He certainly did not think that African-Americans
deserved to vote. He also gave amnesty and pardon. He returned all property,
except, of course, their slaves, to former Confederates who pledged loyalty to the
Union and agreed to support the 13th Amendment. Confederate officials and owners
of large taxable estates were required to apply individually for a Presidential pardon.
Many former Confederate leaders were soon returned to power. And some were
even to regain their Congressional places. proved remarkably lenient. Very few
Confederate leaders were prosecuted as planned.
The Black Codes - ANSWER-Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the
newly freed black slaves. Gave basic rights such as to marry and own property but
allowed segregation, no interracial marriage n court. Made it harder to get economic
freedom from plantation work.
Congressional Reconstruction - ANSWER-1866 Johnson vetoes renewal of
Freedmen's Bureau charter. Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1866 over
Johnson's veto through Radical and moderate rep alliance.
What happened in the 1866 mid term elections? - ANSWER-Republicans won a 2/3
majority and got a tighter hold on the Senate.
Reconstruction Act of 1867 - ANSWER-This Act was passed by Congress which was
vetoed by President Johnson. This Act invalidated the state govn'ts formed under the
Lincoln & Johnson plans and all the legal decisions made by those govn'ts. Placed
10 states under military occupation. After elected delegates newconstitution ensuring
