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Summary REL146 – USC – Final Study Guide (A+ Student Notes)

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These notes helped me get an A in REL146 at USC – and they can help you too! Includes: Week-by-week lecture summaries Key terms & definitions Textbook highlights

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four IDs and four quotations

IDs

Aldous Huxley (The Doors of Perception)
-​ experimented for decades with psychedelics
-​ both found tremendous benefits in those experiences
-​ Huxley avoided its downside, Leary may not have
-​ A first-timer in the throes of a bad trip.
-​ introduced to Hindu spirituality (Vedanta philosophy)
-​ learned the philosophy of Vedanta, techniques of meditation, and other spiritual
practices of the Vedanta by becoming a disciple of Prabhavananda for several decades
while in Southern California
-​ decided that he wanted to experiment with mescaline, a mild psychedelic that can
actually be found in nature (in the peyote cactus)
-​ The doors of perception: the psychedelic experience, a dose of mescaline from a
psychiatrist, which he ingested one day (at 11 am) under controlled circumstances
-​ notes that psychedelic drugs can give us a glimpse of "heaven" or a trip straight to "hell".
One has to be smart—or at least careful—to take these things
-​ Huxley has a number of interesting observations about what happens to his mind (his
ego or his individual consciousness) during the trip
-​ describes the individual mind as a kind of filtered consciousness
-​ brain and the nervous system play a role in creating this individual "ego" consciousness


Psychedelics (and the counterculture)
-​ Members of the counterculture generation tended to avoid overt associations with
religion or any particular religion
-​ Psychological explanations were more appealing to members of the counterculture
generation than religious ones
-​ psychology became the dominant lens through which they understood their spiritual
experimentation
-​ Maslow - psychedelics produce effects in the human consciousness that resembled
those of peak experiences mystics experiences - self-actualization
-​ produce peak experiences without the need for long years of efforts toward
self-actualization
-​ for some, drug-fueled experiences were a gateway to an eventual interest in spirituality
and self-actualization. for others, they were an end in themselves
-​ Psychedelics could open doors to powerful experiences of unity, connectedness,
empathy, awe, and wonder (similar to the peak experiences of the world's mystics)
-​ but also a double-edged sword - the wrong drugs are taken at the wrong time could
open a gateway to "hell"—to paranoia, hopelessness, and psychosis
-​ could jump-start a spiritual life, but also destroy it (life-changing love could turn into
disillusionment, depression, and despair)

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